Equality before the law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Correspondence under the steady gaze of the law - Essay Example There are different cases whenever best men are not offered the chance to speak to their country, in a popularity based way. Notwithstanding, Pericles expresses that individuals have received the arrangement of office pivot in guaranteeing majority rule government. Thus, majority rule government and equivalent portrayal of people assume a basic job in any administration (Thucydides and Woodruff 41). People are offered opportunity so as to practice their privileges in a country that watches portrayal of the greater part. As per Pericles, there must be equivalent portrayal of rights and opportunity to residents independent of social, monetary, or social contemplations (Thucydides and Woodruff 41). In this way, individuals must adhere to rules and guidelines exactly so as to guarantee vote based system. The city of Athens speaks to a country that has placed into thought heap political viewpoints, for example, majority rule government, watches individuals’ rights and opportunity among others ( Tracy 56). As indicated by the works, joy results from people being allowed to complete any lawful movement without encroaching others rights and opportunity. The city of Athens has a solid power that shields its residents from outside interruptions by neighboring adversaries (Thucydides and Woodruff 41). The city of Athens has figured out how to, adequately; sort out its administration matters through the reception of majority rule

Human Resources Essays - Human Resource Management, Employment

HR With the present workforce getting progressively assorted and associations accomplishing more to boost the advantages of the distinctions in representatives, Human Resource administrators are advancing from the old school sideline player to the cutting edge contenders. Associations are depending on directors to get the individuals who take care of business, and obviously, make the organization cash. Individuals have consistently been fundamental to associations, however their key significance is developing in the present information based business world more than ever. An association's prosperity progressively relies upon the information, aptitudes, and capacities of its workers, especially as they help set up a lot of center abilities which recognize one association from its rivals. At the point when representatives' abilities are significant, uncommon, hard to copy and sort out, an association can accomplish a supported upper hand. So as to contend through individuals, an association must have the option to work superbly of dealing with their human capital: the information, aptitudes, and capacities that enhance the associations. Supervisors must create techniques for recognizing, enrolling, and employing the best ability accessible. Build up these people in manners that are explicit to the requirements of their individual firms, urge them to produce new thoughts while acclimating them with the organization systems, welcome data sharing, and compensating joint effort and cooperation. The premise on which pay installments are resolved, and the manner in which they are controlled, can altogether influence representative efficiency and the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives. Building up pay programs require both huge and little associations to think about e xplicit objectives. Worker maintenance, remuneration circulation and adherence to the spending plan must be deliberately weighted against the general authoritative objectives and desires. Pay must reward workers for past execution while filling in as an inspiration device for future exhibitions. Inner and outside value of the compensation program will influence workers' ideas of reasonableness. Associations must adjust every one of the worries while as yet staying serious. For inner value an association can utilize one of the essential employment assessment methods to decide relative worth of occupation. The most widely recognized are the positioning and arrangement techniques. The activity positioning framework masterminds employments in numerical request based on the significance of the activity's obligations and duties to the association. Employment characterization openings occupations into preestablished grades with higher evaluated grades requiring more obligations, working conditions, and occupation obligations. Outer value can be dictated by a compensation overview. Information got from the reviews will encourage setting up the association's compensation strategy while guaranteeing that the business doesn't pay more, or less, than required for occupations in the significant work showcase. Base pay is just a single part of a maintenance plan for significant representatives. Advantages and motivating force plans are significant advantages in enli sting and holding basic representatives. Advantages are a set up and essential piece of the all out pay bundle. So as to have a sound advantages bundle there are sure essential contemplations. It is basic that a program be founded on explicit destinations that are perfect with the hierarchical way of thinking and strategies just as reasonable to the organization. By using an adaptable advantages bundle, workers can pick those advantages that are most appropriate to their individual needs. Impetus pay plans can be beneficial to both the business just as the worker. The achievement of a motivator pay plan relies upon the hierarchical atmosphere where it must work, representative trust in it, and its appropriateness to worker and authoritative needs. Significantly, representatives must view the motivator intend to be evenhanded and identified with their exhibition. Execution measures ought to be quantifiable, effectively comprehended, and bear an exhibited relationship to authoritative presentation. Execution evaluation programs fill some needs, however when all is said in done those reasons can be grouped into two classifications: authoritative and formative. The managerial purposes incorporate choices about who will be advanced, moved, or laid-off. They can likewise incorporate remuneration choices and such. Formative choices incorporate those identified with improving and upgrading a person's abilities. These incorporate distinguishing an individual's quality and shortcomings, killing outside execution snags, and building up preparing needs. Inside numerous associations, execution examinations are viewed as a vital underhandedness. Chiefs every now and again abstain from leading examinations since they disdain assuming the job of judge. Accordingly evaluations are lead every year, for good or malicious, and

How to Get Free Writing Help Reviews?

How to Get Free Writing Help Reviews?How to get free writing help reviews? It is possible for those who write to use freelance writing services, but you can also do it yourself. It just takes some time and effort. This article will tell you what you need to know about writing help reviews, so that you can begin on your own.Many writers are looking for a way to make money with their writing, whether they are just starting out or have been doing it for years. Many people have a professional home writing website, where they work for a living, while still pursuing their hobby of writing. So there's no reason you can't do this, too.There are different ways to get paid writing online. One is by providing reviews, which is not free. The other is by linking to your website or blog, and charging a fee for the link.In the case of blogging, there are many free blog services you can join and get unlimited space for blogs. If you prefer an e-book, there are many e-book providers who provide you w ith various benefits when you use their services. You can get the best-selling book, and have it professionally produced.So you see, there are ways to make money with free writing services, but in most cases, it's not cheap. If you have a blog, you can usually earn money from advertisements, affiliate programs, and the sale of products. Most of these blogs are dedicated to certain topics, and often, they have a comment section where you can offer advice to others, if you're an expert in the field.So what are you waiting for? Have your own blog, and start writing reviews today.It just takes a little research, and some time, to find good help, if you want to do it yourself. If you want to be paid writing help reviews, you can do it; all you need is the determination and the right tools to help you.

Indian India s Indian National Congress - 967 Words

Colonial History of India Some factors that lead India to independence from England was World War II, protests, and changes in government including the Indian National Congress. During World War II, when the Indian natives fought alongside the colonists against the imperial forces of Hitler, they came to the realization that they wanted independence after they finished fighting in the war . In August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi and other Quit India activists protested for independence which was the first step to independence after World War II. The Indian National Congress was considerably the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement . This allowed some sort of government representation of the people with the goal of ending the East India Company’s rule as a purpose. Indian colonization began when traders were looking for a path via the oceans to trade with India because the land route through the Middle East was cut off by the Ottoman Empire. Vasco da Gama circumnavigated Africa and found the route to India which allowed other sailors and merchants to come to India as well. Nations began erecting settlements near and on the Indian coastline for a safe port for merchant ships to load, unload, and conduct business. Some of these settlements began to evolve into colonies. By mid-19th century, England had control, either directly or indirectly, of almost all of India. India was the hub of EnglishShow MoreRelatedFirst Phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress1480 Words   |  6 PagesFoundation of Indian National Congress First phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress - Inform ative researched article on First phase of Foundation of Indian National Congress Sign in | Register Now History of India Art Culture | Entertainment | Health | Reference | Sports | Society | Travel in Articles Go Forum | Free E-magazine | RSS Feeds History of India : Sources of History of India | Ancient History of India | Medieval History of India | Modern History of India | IndianRead MoreGandhi : A Leader Of Indian Nationalism Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mohatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British ruled India. He led India to independence by a nonviolent movement. He is widely considered as the most powerful and successful leader in the history of India. He believed in nonviolence. Many people believe that Mohatma Gandhi has abrupt contribution in the history of India. But it is a matter of sorrow that this leader had some problems that led the country towards an unknownRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Indian National Movement1636 Words   |  7 Pagesearly life and achievements of Dadabhai Naoroji and also about the importance and contribution of the ‘Drain of wealth theory’, propounded by him, to India. Now in this chapter, we t alk about the most important aspect of his life- his contribution to the Indian National Movement. Dadabhai Naoroji has assumed an imperative part in the Indian National Movement as we all realize that he committed his entire life for the country. He entered the Political Fray in 1852 and as soon as he entered in the politicalRead MoreWhat policies and with what success did Nehru implemented?1528 Words   |  7 Pagesways and with what success did Nehru deal with the economic and social problems facing India? Jawaharlal Nehru, leader of the Indian National Congress and later India’s first prime minister, led the Congress Party to victory in India’s first three general elections. Nehru was born in 1889, educated in England and then returned back to India. In the 1920 ´s he travelled around India and was alarmed by the Indian people suffering from poverty and oppression. Inspired by his travelling around the worldRead MoreComparison Between Indianan And British Political System Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesComparison between Indianan and British Political system There is a natural propensity to evaluate the Government of India with the British. But Indian Parliament and parliamentary institutions and procedures are not a copy of the Westminster system. There are fundamental differences between their system and Indian system. Democracy extends way beyond elections. However, the holding of transparent, credible and accountable elections is important for any democratic country and election observers makeRead MoreFinancial Development Of The Indian Finance Industry1650 Words   |  7 Pagesof credit and overseeing money. The Indian Finance Industry scene has changed radically with the private division making in street in a zone heretofore commanded by expansive open area Finance Corporations. Developing disinvestment is probably going to affect the money related industry also. There is each plausibility of privatization of open division Finance Corporations, prompting to more prominent operational self-governance. The improvement of the Indian budgetary segment has been joined byRead MoreIndian Politics5736 Words   |  23 PagesPolitics of India India is the largest democracy in the world. India has the biggest number of people with franchise rights and the largest number of political parties, which take part in election campaign. In the 1996 national elections, almost 600 million people voted and an average of 26 candidates competed for each of the 543 territorial constituency seats. Elections are held at different levels. The two major election levels are at national level, after which the national government is establishedRead MoreThe Swadeshi Movement and the Boycott of Imported Items in 1907 in India5612 Words   |  23 Pagesadvocated the Swadeshi movement involving the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods in 1907. The last years of the nineteenth century, saw a radical sensibility emerge among some Indian Intellectuals. This position burst onto the national all-India scene in 1905 with the Swadeshi movement - the term is usually rendered as self reliance or self sufficiency.[1] Lal-Bal-Pal, mobilized Indians across the country against the Bengal partition, and the demonstrations, strikes andRead MoreGandhi`s Achivements and Failures Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplish for freedom for South Africa; and how Mohatama finally obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present state of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British bar, he returned to India and attempted to create a law practice in Bombay, which failed. Two years after his failure, and India firm with interests in South Africa hired him as a legal adviser to work in theirRead MoreWomen s Politics During Politics Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages WOMEN IN POLITICS â€Æ' WOMEN IN POLITICS Contents 1. Introduction 2. Women in politics in India 3. Challenges faced by women in politics 4. Political participation of women in India current situation 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction Women are a very important part of our society. Starting from our childhood when we are born women as a mother is the only one because of which we become part of this beautiful world. Then she takes care of you as a mother. As a grandmother she tells you stories

Online Dating Essay - 863 Words

Online Dating Some people today feel they cannot meet someone in their everyday lives so they turn to the internet to find a prospective partner, people us the internet as a way of meeting new people Online dating has become the new way of finding your soul mate The internet has made dating more convenient you no longer to have to go out to a bar and spend money trying to impress or you really don’t have, for people who are shy this is the perfect way to screen a potential in the privacy. I thought I would never talk to someone online nor consider being in a relationship statistics predict more than 100,000 marriages take place through the internet, caution is needed all websites are not safe you must do your research before choosing a†¦show more content†¦I don’t disapprove of the websites but for me I prefer the old fashion method of meeting I feel I can tell more about a person when looking them in the eye than a profile from the internet, I know people who met and got married after meeting online like any relationship there are pros and cons that has to be weighed carefully forShow MoreRelatedWhy Are Online Dating Websites?1407 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different online dating websites, so how would you know how to pick the right one. One of the more popular companies is called eHarmony that started in 2000, research by Gupta, Murtha, and Patel supports, under the premise that it matched couples scientifically on 29 dimensions of compatibility. Unlike other dating sites, eHarmony focuses specifically on creating lifelong matches and has marketed the company accordingly. Originally, eHarmony was based on strong Christian principlesRead MoreOnline Dating And The Internet Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesthe internet offer online dating or match making services. Despite being a relatively young industry, online dating has already become one of the most profitable types of business found on the internet. Online dating services now attract m illions of users every day, and the industry is making hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Online dating provides an efficient way for people to meet with partners and to get to know them through e-mails and chats. Of the many online dating sites, PlentyofFishRead MoreThe Donts of Online Dating1236 Words   |  5 Pagesher head down and fast and shaking leaves the road. Could this ever happen with an online dating site? Absolutely not; online dating is increasing; according to ABC news article, an estimated 40 million Americans use online dating services in the hope to meet â€Å"The one†. There are more than 1,400 web sites in the $700 million a year business. But, are they safe and truthful as they say on their profile? Online dating is dangerous because gives an opportunity to sexual predators to hide behind fakeRead MoreThe Problem Of Online Dating Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThere’s no question that dating 40 years ago was much different than dating now. While back then we actually had to go out and meet somebody to be seen, now, with the click of a button, our entire lives can instantly go public. Social media has created this labeling phenomenon in which individuals ca n categorize another based on a certain trait. Take online dating, for example. We set up a profile that includes hobbies, interests, places lived, and even sometimes body shape. But the most importantRead MoreOnline Dating : An Ideal Type Of Dating849 Words   |  4 PagesOnline dating is a fairly common occurrence in our society. Beginning with chatrooms in the early 90’s and expanding to mobile dating apps such as tinder and grinder (Kennedy, 2010), online dating has become an institutionalized part of romantic encounters in our society (Kennedy, 2010). Early 2000’s television and film such as â€Å"You’ve Got Mail†, and â€Å"Sex in the City† show case the increased popularity of online dating during the time, and by looking at the variety of online dating websites andRead MoreOnline Dating Vs. Internet Dating1574 Words   |  7 Pagesto understand married people going frequenting online dating sites. I now realize after Googling married peo ple online dating that married people using online dating services is not only a very common practice, there appear to be online dating service that target married people looking for a date or more. Many married people are finding the temptation of online dating irritable. On e website is stating that 150,000 married people join online dating sites each month and these sites are doing thereRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Online Dating1145 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is online dating? Online dating is the way of starting a romantic relationship on the social net work by exchange information with someone else include photo, romantic message and songs without see by each other face to face. Millions of people now days are using the online dating to find friends, or soul mate. There are so many websites like Christian mingle, match. com, eharmony. com, our time, farmers match.com, and another website only for widow widowers. com. All these websites help toRead MoreWhat Are Online Dating ?1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is online dating? How can you be sure that the person on the other side of the computer is telling the truth about their everyday life? Sometimes we see someone online and even though they meet everything we are looking for, they might not always turn out to be who they really are. I believe that online dating is not a good way to meet someone simply because of the amount of times people lie about their profile. This has become a reoccurring problem with online dating. They made a show calledRead MoreEffects of Online Dating on Society 1875 Words   |  8 Pagespeople and dating be any different? A concept of meeting people without the face to face interaction is something that is more than appealing to a large group of people. While this concept is not new and has been around for years, it has had a dramatic increase over the past few years. According to a study done by Patti M. Valkenburg and Jochen Peter the number of dating sites has increased b y 17% in the past two years and about 37% of single Americans that use the internet have gone to a dating site (ValkenburgRead MoreOnline Dating And The Internet Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesinternet. The internet allows us to obtain information within a matter of seconds, go shopping without having to leave the comfort of our own homes, and communicate with others instantly. Another popular thing the internet is used for is online dating. Online dating allows you to carefully choose who you would like to interact with. You are provided with all sorts of filters that you can use to determine what traits and qualities others possess before pursuing them. You are able to search for characteristics

Healthy Aging The Straight Story

Question: Discuss about the case study Healthy Aging for the Straight Story. Answer: Introduction: Alvin Straight is a 73-year-old stubborn man who lives on his social security and follows simple living. He has a failing health and does his things on his own terms. He comes to learn that his brother named Lyne Straight has suffered a heart attack. Alvin has been estranged for last ten years from his brother and the news of his failing health brings on the desire in him to make peace with his brother. Therefore, he decides to go and meet his brother but faces problem with his eye sight, drivers license and his ill health with diabetes. During his trip, he gets affected by those whom he meets on the trip and wishes to finish the trip on his own for the good. Figure 1: Alvin Straight The Straight Story (1999) Developmental Stage Alvin Straight is a 73-year-old man who is living his older age which is termed as the wisdom stage for the lifespan developmental stage. During this stage, the aged individual looks back to his life and reviews his accomplishments. This stage is characterized by integrity and despair where the aged individual looks back at all the productivity of his life (Loeffler, Raab Caal-Bruland, 2016). Physical signs of normal aging have been portrayed by Alvin where he has a failing health due to diabetes, he has poor eyesight and he is suffering from emphysema due to prolonged smoking and needs canes to walk. All these features are the signs of normal aging and his developmental stage is reflected from his feelings of relationship towards his ailing brother who have estranged since long. Representation of Aging Alvin Straight represents a positive representation of aging where despite his lost relationship with his brother, he takes up every pain to meet his dying brother one last time. Although Alvin is not a sophisticated man, yet his words are strong enough to leave permanent impression. These are the manifestations of aging where maturity is developed in thoughts and a person becomes more selective of his words (Torres et al., 2015). Relationships matter the most with aging and as life comes to an end, people tend to value their ignored relationships as well. Alvin resides with his retarded daughter and takes care of her and during his road trip, he recollects his passed days of marriage and courtship with strangers. All these factors collectively point towards positive aging where his behavior and personality reflects his aging with grace and love for his family. Acceptance of Aging The goal of acceptance of aging in the society should include changing the relationship of the aged individual with the negative effects by engaging them with the emotional experiences in a way that is non-judgmental (Gual, 2015). The Straight Story is an odyssey of the journey of Alvin Straight, the protagonist, to his past to meet his dying brother where his love and responsibility towards his brother has been beautifully depicted. Although the society accepts the aged population as a separated group from the younger ones and portraying of this character in the movie will have a profound effect on the older adult population as a more caring and responsible group (Von Wyl Beck, 2014). This movie has laid down the fact that older population is no less in terms of family bondage and should be accepted openly in the society to promote healthy aging. References Gual, N. C. (2015). Ambivalent pathways of progress and decline: The representation of aging and old age in joanna McClelland glass's drama.Theatre Research in Canada = Recherches Thtrales Au Canada,36(1), 106. Loeffler, J., Raab, M., Caal-Bruland, R. (2016). A lifespan perspective on embodied cognition.Frontiers in Psychology,7, 845. Torres, T. d. L., Camargo, B. V., Boulsfield, A. B., Silva, A. O. (2015). Social representations and normative beliefs of aging.CieÃÅ'‚ncia sauÃÅ' de Coletiva,20(12), 3621. Von Wyl, V., Beck, K. (2014). Risk adjustment in aging societies.Health Economics Review,4(1), 1-14.

Little Red Riding Hood Revisited free essay sample

People often ask me about the large grey wolf hide I keep hanging above the fireplace. I will admit it does seem rather odd for a young girl to have such a thing, and I assure you that the story behind it is even stranger. A story I have told many times to guests and passers by, and I always get the same look of disbelief, but I assure that this story is as true as they come. Walking to my Grandmother’s house was not a strange occurrence for me I had done many times, only this time would be far different. I had no idea of the events that were to unfold as I opened the door and entered Grandmother’s cabin. Grandma, are you there? † I called out as I entered the cabin. I made sure to move cautiously so that I did not hit my knees on anything in the dark. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Red Riding Hood Revisited or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"I am in here darling. † I heard my Grandmother respond from the bedroom. I lit a lantern, and moved into the room where I found my grandmother lying peacefully in her bed. â€Å"Grandmother, I brought you fresh bread and vegetables from the market,† I exclaimed proudly as I removed my red overcoat and tossed it onto the rocking chair in the corner. â€Å"I will be back in a few minutes Grandmother. I am going to put on some stew, I hope you are hungry. â€Å"Oh, you have no idea, my dear. † My Grandmother said in somewhat of raspy whisper. â€Å"Grandmother, what is wrong with your voice? † â€Å"Oh nothing my dear, I think I am coming down with a bit of a cold. † Her voice, although sweeter than I remembered it, sounded forced and uncomfortable. Thinking nothing of it, I resumed my post, slicing vegetables and warming the broth over the fire. One by one as I finished making my cuts, I slid the slices into the broth, first the carrots, followed by onions and celery, and finally finishing with the tomatoes and potatoes. My stew was coming along nicely so I heated up some water on the side and began to boil tea leaves in a kettle to try and ease my grandmother’s sore throat and relieve her cold. â€Å"Red, how is everything going in there sweetie? † My grandmother queried anxiously from her comfortable perch in the bedroom. â€Å"Everything is coming along just fine Grandmother,† I replied, a little irritated. I had no idea why my Grandmother was in such a mood today, I had never seen her be this pushy and hurried. I stirred the stew one more and removed it from the fire in order to let it cool down as I made my grandmother a cup of tea. I ladled fresh hot soup into one of the bowls on my Grandmother’s counter, and then placed it along with a glass of tea on a wooden tray, and presented it to my Grandmother while she remained in bed in the dimly lit corner of the room. â€Å"Thank you my dear,† She said eerily. â€Å"I just don’t think I am in the mood for this stew. † â€Å"Grandmother, what are you talking about? † I exclaimed, â€Å"This is your favorite soup, you have made this soup for me since I was a little girl. † I paused and waited for a response but none was given. â€Å"Grandmother? † I peeped cautiously becoming more and more worried about what was going on. Grandmother? † I peeped again. Another long pause passed without as much as a whisper from Grandmother. I quickly grabbed the lantern that I had lit earlier and brought it close to the bed, shining as much light as I could on the growingly creepy situation. As I peered into my Grandmother’ s eyes, I noticed they looked strange. I looked closer, locked in her gaze, and, without even noticing, I whispered aloud, â€Å"Grandma, what big eyes you have. † â€Å"All the better to see you with my dear. † She answered in a strange tone that was as unfamiliar to me as her lack on interest in her favorite soup. Stranger still than her tone was the unmistakable largeness of her mouth, and even more so her teeth. I never remembered seeing her teeth that large. â€Å"Grandmother, what big teeth you have,† I muttered. â€Å"All the better to eat you with,† She replied. I gasped aloud as the shocking realization began to sweep over me. The loving Grandmother I had always known had been replaced by an unusually large wolf. I jumped out of the chair, and made a move for the door when the wolf, moving like lighting, blocked my path. â€Å"Why the rush? † asked the wolf slyly, with an air of arrogance. He quickly reached out for my throat, but underestimated me as I dodged and crawled through his legs. â€Å"You can’t run from me! † the wolf exclaimed as I used every once of energy I had to sprint through the front door and out into the forest. I could hear the loud crackling of breaking twigs and the scratch of the wolf’s claws against the hard frozen bark as he gave chase. I kept zigging and zagging, trying my hardest to remain a hard target for the wolf, but I could feel his breath getting closer and closer to my neck. Suddenly, in the distance I noticed an outline of a man, walking through the forest. I turned my sprint in his direction, and pumped my legs with everything they had left. With every step closer to the man, I felt more and more assured that I might yet live to see another day. â€Å"Help†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Help! † I yelled at the top of my lungs to the stranger in the distance. He turned around and I could see a lumberjack’s axe in his hands. I ran and ran, until finally I could reach out and grab the man. When I did, I turned around and noticed that the wolf was no longer behind me. â€Å"What is it, my dear? † The man asked in a calm voice as if not a single thing was out of place in the forest. Sir, a massive wolf has eaten my grandmother, and is chasing me. † I cried out as if my life depended on it. â€Å"Sweetheart, I see no wolf,† The man replied. Right at that exact moment, I noticed a large shadow over the man’s shoulder and looked up to see the wolf soaring through the air out of the trees. The wolf landed perfectly with it’s paws on my shoulders pinning me to the ground, but not attacking, just holding me there. â€Å"Oh, that wolf,† The man said calmly without so much as a hint of worry. â€Å"You did not tell me that you had met my pet. † â€Å"What are you talking about? † I sobbed loudly. Do you have any idea how hard it is to train a wolf? † The man jested. â€Å"Especially to train one to hide people’s relatives and lure little girls out to the forest. † â€Å"My Grandmother is alive? † I asked immediately. â€Å"Of course, she is. I have no taste for bitter old women. † The man seemed almost pleased with himself as one does when an elaborate plan comes together. â€Å"Enough of the small talk. † The man muttered casually. â€Å"Time to get you dressed out and ready for the dinner table. † I looked up, and watched as the man lined up the axe with my throat, and slowly raised it over his head. I had no choice but to close my eyes, and prepare myself for the inevitable. Just then, I heard the loud crack of a rifle, and looked up to see a horrifying grimace on the man’s face. I felt a drop hit my face as I noticed the red pool begin to grow on the man’s chest. His strength fading quickly, he dropped the axe. I reached up desperately, and grabbed the axe as it made its descent and caught it firmly in my hands. Rising to my feet I noticed the man lying on the ground clutching his chest and breathing heavily. Without so much as a moment’s hesitation, I drew the axe above my ead, and brought it swiftly down on the man’s neck, ending his suffering and life. I looked around frantically searching for the wolf, for I knew I wasn’t out of danger yet. Confirming my suspicions, I noticed the wolf running through the woods headed right for me, I raised the axe, ready to defend myself, when I heard another shot from a rifle, and watched as the wolf hit ground and slid to my feet dead. Shocked and relieved, I looked around for my savior. Camouflaged well I couldn’t find anyone. â€Å"Hello! † I shouted into the seemingly empty woods. My heart leapt with joy as I heard a familiar voice call back to me. Over here dear,† I ran toward the sound and looked upon the face with the familiar voice. â€Å"Grandma! † I shouted wildly. â€Å"I thought you were dead. † â€Å"Not at all dear, it would take more than an overgrown wolf to get the best of this old lady. † Surprised at this seemingly impossible turn of events, I went to ask her how this was possible, but all I could muster was a whimper. â€Å"I see you are shocked my dear, let me explain,† She said, calm as could be. My Grandmother then told me the story of how the wolf had taken her to a cave and left her there, presumably to take post in her bed. What the wolf and the hunter had not known was that Grandma was a widow, and had to fend for herself in the woods. She had been hunting this forest since she was a young woman some 25 years ago. That night Grandma and I ate quite a stew complete with wolf meat. Dinner was over and the dishes were clean, and, as Grandma sat by the fire cleaning her rifle, I relaxed after a hectic day in the rocking chair and dozed off under the warmth of my brand new cloak, a long over-sized wolf pelt which I gladly wore over my old red one.

Essay Sample on NASA Core Issues with Alternative Solutions

Essay Sample on NASA Core Issues with Alternative Solutions The NASA Space Shuttle Disaster The purpose of this paper is to discuss the core organizational problems that led to the crash of the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1986, recommend alternative solutions that could have been used to possibly prevent the crash, and develop a retrospective action plan for the recommended solution. The paper will also discuss how NASA could evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended solution. Core Issues: The crash of the Challenger was a stark reminder that despite all the technological advances we have witnessed over the past century, the human element can not be ignored. Although the crash of the Challenger was technically due to mechanical failure caused by both miscalculated O-ring tolerances and subnormal Florida temperatures, the crash was actually the unnecessary result of several organizational issues within NASA. In fact, the shuttle program itself was on a collision course long before the Challenger lifted off due to an organizational structure that failed to keep pace with NASA’s unclear and ever-changing mission. This ultimately led to a flaw in NASA’s group decision-making process. The mission of NASA’s space program had evolved dramatically from the time it was established in 1958 to the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 and the Challenger’s crash in 1986. The Agency’s mission was initially scientifically motivated to demonstrate the United States’ technological superiority over the Soviets by putting a man on the moon at all costs. Once the space race was won, however, NASA’s primary mission was transformed to military, commercial and scientific purposes in a number of political compromises. The shuttle program’s budget was substantially reduced and the program was mandated to pay for itself by transforming the shuttle from an RD oriented space agency to a commercial freight operation. As a result, NASA increasingly had to serve the needs of the private industry to maintain funding. Fourteen years of development and over 30 billion dollars invested produced only 25 flights between 1981 and 1986 whereas financial sponsors were promised 30-60 profit-generating flights annually. As a result, some senior managers were under considerable pressure to keep scheduled flights active by disregarding risk warnings. Conflicts of interest caused by political or economic considerations overruled logical or scientific safety considerations and prevented flight safety concerns from being properly communicated to all decision makers. For example, NASA’s top management either was unaware of the â€Å"no-go† recommendation made by engineers and other managers (ie. Kilminster). According to the article â€Å"Surprising but true: Half the decisions in organizations fail†, by Paul Nutt, decision failures can often be traced to managers who impose solutions, limit the search for alternatives and use power to implement their plans. This was clearly the situation at NASA. For example, the management team at the Marshall Center did not accept the Thiokel engineer’s doubts about the O-ring and forced the group to make a yes or no decision on the launch. When the Director of Solid Rocket (MacDonald) strongly argued for a launch delay, Reinhartz and Mulloy at the Marshall Center told him it’s not his decision to make. Finally, Reinhartz stated he would pass on MacDonald’s concerns, but he never did. There clearly existed a conflict of interest between those who were genuinely concerned for the flight’s safety and those who were willing to take a risk because they felt pressured to stay on schedule and deliver results. NASA had developed a â€Å"Japanese† style of management where disagreements bubbled up the hierarchy until someone resolved them. Decisions were being made further and further away from the engineering levels where they were directly impacted. Finally, budget constraints forced many NASA employees to heavy work loads with long hours that increased the likelihood of human error. Alternative Solutions: 1. The quasi ownership / stakeholder structure creates conflicts of interest between political and private industry. Either privatize the space program or maintain it as a fully funded government agency. 2. Develop a clear mission statement to provide a foundation for organization’s values, goals and objectives. 3. Re-establish a clear and concise group decision-making protocol for all non-programmed decisions that require a unique solution and considerable judgement. The protocol should include a formal group decision-making map and communication process. Additionally, senior management should foster an environment where safety is the #1 priority. Employees should be encouraged to do the right things and to communicate their concerns and/or recommendations so that a fully informed decision can be reached. 4. Establish an on-line workflow program (akin to an on-line chat room) that ensures good communication and allows all people to voice their opinions before moving on to the next step. The communication would essentially be an on-line checklist which would give all players the opportunity to voice their opinion before moving on to the next step. As a final back stop, a whistleblower program could be established with reporting to an impartial party. Decision Criteria: The criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of each alternative and recommendation include the following: 1. The solution must be realistically attainable/feasible 2. The solution must be cost-effective 3. The solution must resolve the specified problem 4. Positive and negative ramifications of the decision must also be considered. Recommended Solution Action Plan: The first step should be for senior management to establish a well-defined and formal mission statement for the program. Like any other business, NASA should identify where it stands today and create a well-articulated mission of where it wants to go in the future. Once its mission has been clearly defined, management should meet to discuss, update and develop standard operating procedures for the new organization. An autonomous decision making process should be maintained whereby every core process owner has a vote to cancel the launch or at least publicly state their opinions in a non-threatening environment. Although resource allocations are a major issue at NASA, human lives are at stake and NASA is a highly technological organization. Overtime work should be managed by hiring additional qualified employees as required. NASA’s decisions should follow a rational rather than political model of decision making in order to ensure the decisions are logical and the analysis is thorough and objective. Although NASA’s concept of group decision making is a good one, they did not execute the methodology. They abandoned the group decision model when they chose to ignore recommendations to cancel the flight due to outside pressures. A new decision protocol should be established for all non-programmed decisions that require a unique solution and considerable judgement. The shuttle program would be unlikely to survive as a fully private business due to its inherently poor economic model which requires continual government funding. As a result, the privatization of the program is not fin ancially viable and should not be considered. Finally, the agency should establish an anonymous reporting system (ie. whistleblower) that is accessible by an objective and non-decision making compliance officer to prevent integrity violations. Evaluating Effectiveness: The most logical method to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended actions is to ensure the same tragedy does not occur again by encouraging open and candid communication. The processes in place should be reviewed frequently by leaders from each of the centers and other critical areas to ensure they are working as intended. Conclusion: The factors that lead to the Challenger tragedy can be traced back to the inception of the shuttle program. A clear, objective, and well-defined decision making process is critical to any business to help ensure all stakeholders have common goals and a voice in the matter. Sadly, it took the crash of the Challenger to awaken the public’s interest, to not take for granted the routine nature of the flights, and reinvigorate the program. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on NASA topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Annotated Bibliography Of John Steinbeck

Annotated Bibliography Of John Steinbeck East of Eden is John Steinbeck’s most famous novel. This book published in 1952 has won international critical acclaim, and propelled Steinbeck to international glory. Critics, both positive and negative, often describe the book as the most ambitious literary project of Steinbeck. The book talks about the intricacies of two families that live in the Salinas valley. The families are the Hamilton’s and the Trasks. The two families have interwoven stories. The book originally addresses the author’s two young sons, Thom and john. The book describes in detail the Salinas valley in California where the story is set. The story also involves other places like Connecticut and Massachusetts. The Salinas valley in central California is aptly described as it is the setting of the book. The story begins with the Hamilton family that has emigrated from Ireland. Samuel Hamilton raised his brood of nine children on some infertile patch of land until they are able to fed for the mselves. As Hamilton’s children begin to leave home, a well-off stranger buys the best ranch in the Salinas valley. The stranger is Adam Trask, and he has come to his riches after discovering that his father left him and his brother some worthwhile inheritance. Adam has fallen in love, and married Cathy Ames, a girl who is described as a monster. This is because she has been a manipulator of men, and she has left home after killing her parents. After giving birth, Cathy shoots Adam in the shoulders and flees. Adam has to rear his twin boys with the help of Samuel Hamilton and Lee. Lee is a Cantonese servant of Adam. The three men make good companionship and engage in lively biblical debates. Cathy turns to prostitution, and through murder, manages to acquire a brothel. The boys grow up, and Samuel Hamilton dies. Adam loses his fortune in a business misfortune. One of the boys chooses to farm, and the other twin becomes a priest. Caleb the farmer gets to be successful. During thanksgiving, he gives his father a gift of $15,000, which his father rejects. Meanwhile, his brother, Aron wants to drop out of college. The book ends with Adam bedridden, and Lee pleading with Adam to forgive his son. Benson.J. (1977). John Steinbeck: Novelist as Scientist. Novel, Vol. (10):6. It is important to note that, during the publication of East of Eden, the book did not get positive acclaim. It was rejected for many literary and biblical allusions that did not auger well with the critics of his day. East of Eden has been loved by the general readership worldwide. One of the failures of the East of Eden is that the book has borrowed heavily from Author Gunn’s book, New family physician. The borrowing is used to deepen the creative legacy and artistic portrait of Samuel Hamilton. John Steinbeck, in writing East of Eden, has strayed from his literary style and adherence to realism and naturalism. This is because of his habit of what he has referred to as creative read ing. Creative reading can be related to creative writing. Only in this case it is the opposite, for the creative reader reads to write. The implication is that Steinbeck has immersed himself in various documents, some of them scientific to come up with East of Eden. The book has been superimposed with so many allusions that it loses the fictional ability with which it is supposed to command the reader of fiction. The result is that the book borders on non fictional work. In many respects, the book is drawn from the author’s background. This makes it an autobiographical stretch of his life. For example, Samuel Hamilton, the benign farmer is a representation of Steinbeck’s grandfather. His execution of form (Steinbeck’s) is heavily influenced by other works. The problem is not the heavy borrowing, the problem is the way he has failed to disguise his borrowing. It is a fact that all great literary work is some form of copying, or stealing. Shakespeare plagiarized n inety percent from ancient Greek writing. He plagiarized in mastery disguise, and what we have of him are great works. East of Eden is blatantly plagiarized.

William-Sanoma case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

William-Sanoma - Case Study Example However, as the case reflects the thoughts of Connolly, the executive vice president of the company, had to face challenges when he realized the importance of e-commerce being a major part of the company’s operations. In spite of the resistances, he kept his focus on the implementation of effective e-commerce facilities and was ultimately successful in creating an internet team with intensions to bring all the products of the company online to their customers. This implies the growing understanding of the uses of the internet facilities that Connolly and was determined to incorporate in the business (â€Å"E-commerce at Williams-Sonoma†). Michel Dunn too accepted the challenges in the context of building up the operational plans for the acceptance and implementation of the internet system implying the efforts undertaken towards integrating the different functional areas into coordination with the internet system. Participation was required by all the members that were focused by Connolly and Dunn. Thus, several websites addressing the needs of the customers started being initiated by the company that gradually took a significant position in the company’s management system (â€Å"E-commerce at Williams-Sonoma†). E-commerce is not only useful in online buying and selling but it also provides access to larger markets globally with lesser expenses and reaching out to large target market in much lesser time as well (Rainer & Cegielski, 206). The company has successfully recognized the internet as being one of the most effective means of communication in the present world (Tapscott, 4). Nandkeolyar, the Vice President of the e-commerce, taking initiatives in the company’s incorporation of the internet technology has reflected further challenges on the part of the technology on which the entire processes of e-business had to be dependent. The design needed to be focused on the products that the

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Of course, monetary rewards for performance also come into the equation as do the effects of leadership since a good enough leader can motivate a lot more people than a below average leader (Senior, 2002). To better understand this correlates of motivation, it would be useful to examine them individually with practical examples of their use in real world situations. In terms of psychology, it is understood that certain personality types are better at handling certain positions than others and even though personality itself is rather complex to define but the generally accepted notion has been the collection of emotional and behavioural properties as well as the thoughts and ideas of a person (Erdogan, 2005). This idea points towards the notion that certain individuals can be better managers and leaders based on their personal life experiences while others could find it difficult to work effectively if placed in a situation which requires leadership skills (Rosenfeld & Wilson, 1999). The earlier work in the field of personality study is attributed to Jung which was later on expanded by others. While we may say that person X has a cheerful personality, scientists prefer to classify personality in three different models including Factorial models, typologies and circumplexes which are directly connected with how they perform in given situations (Clarke & Robertson, 2005). Depending on the needs of an organisation, certain personalities and behavioural tracts can be more useful for the company than others. A personality evaluation profile can be created to screen candidates for some positions but there is a negative point associated with such a procedure since the ethics of such an approach can be questioned. There is a significant amount of research and information which shows that there is a definite link between personality and certain job roles. Of course much of the evidence presented is based on anecdotes and observations by individuals

The Benefits of Sin Revealed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lette

The Benefits of Sin Revealed in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter, each of us is born with "original sin" we have inherited from the misdeeds of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. As Eve bit hungrily into the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, starving for wisdom, little did she know that the entire human race would thereafter be tainted by her "sin." Hawthorne and many others believe that ever since, human beings have been inclined to evil, more likely to disobey than to act in a godly manner. This is a faithless, cynical view of humanity, but one perhaps justified by the actions of Hester Prynne and the Reverend Dimmesdale. Sin seems to be an inevitable factor in their lives; though they are good people, their sin boils up and nearly destroys them. Do they make a conscious choice to sin? Or does their sin simply take control, as it is bound to do in all human beings? Perhaps this leads to a greater question of fate and free will, but in the end, the one thing they can really chan ge in their lives is the way they deal with sin, how they attempt to atone for it - and whether they view the affair they had as sinful in the first place.    Puritan society in the Massachusetts Bay Colony was a system based on religion. The Bible and the law were intertwined and could not be separated, not even in the minds of the people. Therefore it was difficult to argue that there were any laws at all that were worth having, if they were not spelled out explicitly in the Bible. Hester had committed adultery and given birth to a bastard child, and there it was, in the Ten Commandments: Thou shalt not commit adultery. And so she was punished. The Puritans nodded and were satisfied, comfortabl... ...., C.E. Frazer, ed. The Nathaniel Hawthorne Journal 1975. Englewood: Indian Head, 1975. Coxe, Rev. Arthur Cleveland. "The Writings of Hawthorne." Church Review 3 (1851): 489-511. Gartner, Matthew. "The Scarlet Letter and the Book of Esther: Scriptural Letter and Narrative Life." Studies in American Fiction (1995): 131-144. Hawthorne, J. (1886, April). "The Scarlet Letter." The Atlantic Monthly [On-line], pp. 1-20. Available: http://wwww.theatlantic.com/unbound/classrev/scarlet.html Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: St. Martins, 1991. Loring, G. B. (1850). "The Scarlet Letter and Transcendentalism." Massachusetts Quarterly Review [On-line], pp. 1-6. Available: http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/loring.html Scharnhorst, Gary. The Critical Response to Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. New York: Greenwood, 1992.   

Arg Container Terminal

CARIBBEAN MARITIME INSTITUTE Marine Terminal Operations ARJ Container Terminal Prepared by: Revalino Bennett, Andrew Gibson, Jenoir Dick, Oshane Polson, Tandra Morris, Jodian Braham For: Mr. Reyon McIntyre Due Date: November 15th, 2012 Table of Contents Section Page Section A- GeneralIntroduction IV A-2 ARG Air layout 1-2 A-3 Abbreviations A-4 Working Hrs A-5 Entry Passes A-6 General Customs Formalities Section B- Landside Operations B-1 Gate Operations B-2 Terminal Access B-3 Exit Validation B-4 Checking Activity at Gate B-5 Inter Terminal Transport B-6 Customs Inspection Section C- Vessel Operation C-1 Marine Requirements C-101 Working Hrs C-102 Vessel Arrival NoticeC-103 Documents Required C-104 Establishing Communication C-105 Pilotage C- 2 Berth and Labour Planning C-201 Pro-forma Vessel Schedules C-202 Advance Schedules C-203 Initial Vessel Call Information C-204 Detailed Vessel Call Information C-205 Communication on the â€Å"Port of Salalah Game Plan† C-206 Calls O utside Pro-forma C-207 Vessel Connections C-208 Technical Information on the Vessel C-209 Notice of Readiness Section D- Load and Discharge Operation D-1 General D-101 Gantry Crane Capacity D-102 Lashing D-103 Hatch Cover Moves and Restows D-104 Use of Special Equipment D-105 Bay Planning and Stability CalculationsD-106 Definition of Loading/Discharging of Containers D-107 Reporting D-108 Storage D-109 Data Amendment D-2 Discharge Operation D-201 Vessel Profile Information D-202 Discharge List Information D-203 Checking Activity During Discharge (Tally) D-204 Reporting D-205 Short-landed Container D-206 Over-Landed Container D-3 Load Operation D-301 Pre-Plan D-302 Load List Information D-303 Re-Nomination of Cargo D-304 Pro-Forma Cargo Deadline D-305 Checking Activity during Load (Tally) D-306 Reporting D-307 Short-Shipped Container D-308 Over-Shipped Container D-4 Yard Inventory D-5 Vessel Bunkering, Repair, and Supply of ProvisionSection E- Break Bulk and Over Dimensional Cargo E- 1 Requirements E-2 Restrictions F- Direct Deliveries G- Dangerous Cargo H- Leakage/Spillage of Cargo I- Container Freight Station Activities J- Weighbridge K- Miscellaneous Services L- Damage and Claims L-01 Damage to Line’s Equipment (Without Prejudice) L-02 Damage to Line’s Vessel (Without Prejudice) L-03 Damage Caused by Third Parties L-04 Damage to Port Facilities/Equipment/Personnel M – Longstanding Cargo N- Reefer Containers Section O- Port Safety and Security O01 Rules & Regulations O02 International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) O02. ISPS Measures by Port of Salalah O02. 2 ISPS Requirements for the Line O03 X-Ray Inspection of Containers Introduction The competition among container ports continues to increase because of di? erentiating factors such as services, location and performance. These factors make up some of the major key selection criterias international shipping companies consider when selecting a transshipment port. With that in mind we the ow ners and managers at ARJ Container Terminal will be trying to attract carriers with our automating handling equipment, the speeding up various services, and providing the most current information on the ? w of containers. At the same time, however, we will reduce costs by utilizing our resources e? ciently, including human resources, berths, container, yards, quay cranes, and various yard equipment. Our key and optimum advantage will be our location. This location in Little Bay, Little London Westmorland Jamaica West Indies will have the sufficient harbor water depth and dock space that will make it possible to facilitate docking of up to a Super-Panamax vessel.Dredging will not be required to accommodate these large draft vessels, hence no disturbance or depletion of any marine wildlife sanctuaries on the harbour floor or natural habitat will be caused. We and our management team are greatly pleased by this because outside of us wanting to create an optimal high efficiency containe r terminal, we also want to know that it is done with little or no impact on the surrounding environment and wildlife. ARJ Container Terminal location will be 25 minutes from the capital city of Savanna La Mar and 5 minutes from the A2 South Coast Highway.This will aid greatly in our multimodal transportation planning for both our clients and ourselves and also compliment positively on the domestic distribution side of our company. We are a limited liability company that specialises in container and general cargo handling for transshipment and domestic purposes. The company is owned by Shiek Revalino Bennet, Shiek Andre Gibson and Shiek Jenoir Dick and is manage by our seniors directors Oshane Polson, Tandra Morris and Jodian Braham The objective of ARJ is to provide integrated cargo service solutions for shipping companies worldwide.Due to our highly competent managers, the company will be able to substantially increase its cargo turnover and ensure regular cargo flow, and to compl iment our effectiveness we will be the only terminal on the island of Jamaica with Sea-Rail transshipment operations. This will enhance our domestic function and in turn bringing first class service to the developing nation of Jamaica. Our developed terminal infrastructure, cargo handling technologies and modern equipment will definitely ensure ARJ’s competitiveness and peak position in the transit market.We will offer value-added services including customs operations, freight forwarding and logistics solutions so this can basically be a one stop shop for our customers/clients. ARJ will employ 111 qualified specialists in different fields to ensure the company’s operational efficiency and productivity level is on par with the major terminals around the world and even exceed if possible. We are predicting from global feedback that our total container flow for 2013 will be approximately 750,000 TEU. ARJ Air Layout Infrastructure: Berth: Length – 290 m Draught â₠¬â€œ 15 m Warehouse area: 16,310 m2Open-air storage area: 120,800 m2 Technical equipment: Quay cranes at the vessel: – STS crane – Conventional quay crane – Mobile harbor crane For container transfer (horizontal transport): – SC (max. stacking capability: 1-over-3-high) – Reachstacker – Terminal tractor with trailer (so-called Tractor-Trailer Unit (TTU)) – Multi-trailer (terminal tractors with several trailers) – Empty/loaded container handler – Shuttle Carrier (ShC stacking capability: 1-over-1-high) – Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) – Automated SC (max. stacking capability: 1-over-2-high) For container transport and stacking within the yard: SC – Rubber-Tyred Gantry crane (RTG crane) – Rail-Mounted Gantry crane (RMG crane) – Container handler (like reachstacker or top lifter) – OverHead Bridge crane (OHB crane) For the landside operation: – SC – RTG crane – RMG crane – Reachstacker – TTU At the inland navigation vessel: – STS crane – Conventional quay crane – Mobile harbor crane The STS crane drops down containers on TTU that will transport the containers to the stacking area where the boxes are stacked by reach stackers (see Figure 1. 1) or forklift trucks fitted with appropriate spreader frames for container top or side lifting.Due to their versatility in operation, reach stackers are the best choice for our multi-purpose terminal as they are easy to handle, can be used for stacking in the yard, loading and unloading of TTUs, road trucks and rail cars on first rail. Including our landside operation, an estimate of 3–4 reachstackers and 4–5 TTUs are required per STS crane. The specific number of TTUs in particular will depend on the distance between the berth and the stacking area of the respective operation. The TTUs are used for the transport of the containers between the vessel and the container yard.Figure 1. 1- Reachstackers and TTU operation A storage capacity of approx. 350 TEU per hectare for 3-high stacking and 500 TEU per hectare for 4-high stacking are common figures for our type of yard equipment. The maximum stacking height is 5, container blocks can be kept 4-deep due to second row access. In case of relocation of capacities reachstackers are easily transported to another terminal or used for other cargo handling and because of their easy transportation between terminals reachstackers can be used to cover temporary requirements. Straddle Carrier System:The STS crane will place containers onto the apron from where the SCs transport them to the stacking yard (see Figure 1. 2 and Figure 1. 3) and stack the containers. The SCs are independent from any other equipment and are able to perform all the different handling operations: transport, stacking and the loading/unloading of trucks and rail cars (see Figure 1. 3). SC systems are the optimal system for large size terminals when high flexibility in the yard and accessibility of the boxes are required and thay make it easy to alter the layout of the terminal.A storage capacity of approx. 500 TEU per hectare stacking 2-high (3-high SC) and 750 TEU per hectare stacking 3-high (4-high SC) can be achieved. The maximum stacking height is 4-high. Including landside operation, an estimate of 4–5 SCs are required per STS crane – without considering specific conditions. The system will be supported by container handlers stacking MT boxes and/or RMGs for container handling in the rail yard. Figure 1. 2 Pure SC system Figure 1. 3 SC operations: Container transport and stacking and Loading / unloading of rail cars System advantages SC’s are able to cover all kinds of horizontal and vertical transports being necessary to perform container moves from the landside terminal interfaces (including truck handling and rail operation) via the container yard to handover positions be low the STS cranes at quayside (and vice versa). †¢ the containers can be dropped on the ground so that no (or only short) waiting times for handling equipment occur. This kind of container handover enables STS cranes to operate with a high productivity while using a comparatively low number of SCs per crane. high number of concurrent container movements †¢ the breakdown of one SC has a comparatively low impact on the total handling process †¢ compared to the systems with TTUs the labor costs are lower due to the smaller number of vehicles †¢ no disturbance of the operation by trucks because these are loaded/unloaded outside the stacking yard †¢ the system is flexible to changes based on operational requirements and terminal layouts can be simply altered as SCs can be easily moved within the terminal since no pre-set routes or tracks are needed Rubber-Tyred Gantry Crane System with Tractor-Trailer UnitsThe STS gantry crane places the container on a TTU unit that transports the container to the storage area where the RTG crane stacks the containers in long blocks (see Figure 1. 4). The RTG can be used for TTUs and road trucks as well. The size and structure of the RTG crane is determined according to the requirements of the terminal operator. The system has a very high stacking density because of the high stacking capability and the block stacking. Long traveling distances on the terminal are less problematic as TTUs transport the containers.RTG cranes will also be effectively used for the handling of containers on road trucks or rail cars. According to manufacturers, up to four tracks can be covered and containers can be stored at the side of the rail tracks. They can be allocated from the yard to the landside operation and vice versa, if necessary. Including landside operation 2–3 RTGs and 4–5 TTUss (depending on the distance between berth and stacking area) are required per STS crane. They stack the container in blocks 1-over-4- to -7-high and 5 to 8 container rows plus 1 lane for container handover laneFigure 1. 4 RTG cranes and TTUs in the stacking yard, rail yard operation by RMGs System advantages †¢ low space requirement in the stacking area because of the high storage capacity in a small area (high stacking density). The containers can be stacked up to 8- high (i. e. 1-over-7-high)1 without spacing for traveling lanes between the rows. †¢ relatively high flexibility as the RTGs can be transported to other storage blocks Rail-Mounted Gantry Crane System These cranes are mounted on fixed rail tracks with a cantilever outside the portal of cranes (see Figure 1. ). Figure 1. 5 RMG cranes with TTUs System advantages †¢ RMGs generally stack higher and span wider, with up to 1-over-7-high and 12 containers wide †¢Stacking density of the yard is higher with RMG cranes and can exceed 1,000 TEU per hectare (stacking 4-high) Automated Guided Vehicles The horizontal transport of the containers will be performed with AGVs. (See Figure 1. 6). The handover positions for trucks are located at the top-end of the stacking blocks. The stacking of the containers is usually carried out by automated RMGs.The ShC is designed primarily to convey containers between the ships’s side and container stacks served by RMG cranes. As it is able to stack containers two high it will also be used for loading and unloading road trucks and rail cars. The shuttle carrier is an alternative aim at more efficiency to handle the container transport between the stacks and the quay cranes, and still maintain high density stacking by RTG or RMG yard cranes. Figure 1. 6 RMG cranes with AGVs System advantages †¢ very low labor costs because of automation high system availability †¢ very high productivity of horizontal transport The layout and choice of our equipment and their interface will depend on, amongst others, the †¢ number of containers to be handled, †¢ availa ble area †¢ type of hinterland transport. The combination of our terminal equipment to be used will depend on if they are †¢ at the vessel, †¢ for transport tasks between quay and stacking yard ( or reverse) †¢ for container stacking, †¢ for transport from stacking yard to and from the landside operation area †¢ for landside operation itselfOperational areas: 1. The area between quay wall and container yard 2. container yard 3. terminal area of landside operations example the gate, parking, office buildings, customs facilities etc The container yard will be an intermediate storage facility meaning the containers will remain from a couple of hours to some weeks. There are different possibilities for the layout of our intermediate storage area. We may have stacking area which is compact, low ground area consuming stack without spacing known as block stack (see Figure 2. 1).In cases like these, yard gantry cranes will be used for the stacking of containers being delivered by terminal equipment of horizontal transport. An alternative is the linear stack (see Figure 2. 2) where the containers are stacked by Straddle Carriers (SC). This type of stacking will have spacing between the container rows and relatively wide terminal roads. Export and import containers will be segregated within the yard area and piled up to 4 containers high and pre-sorted for the various hinterland transport modes. Figure 2. 1 block stacking Figure 2. 2 linear stackingOperational procedures applicable for the handling of containers and container vessels calling at the ARJ Container Terminal Section A – General A-1 Abbreviations COD Change of Destination EDI Electronic Data Interchange EIR Equipment Interchange Report ETC Expected Time of Completion OOG Out of Gauge POD Port of Discharge SSDR Stevedore Ship Damage Report TOS Terminal Operating System A-2 Working Hrs The terminal operates round the clock on the following schedule: Terminal Operations 24 h rs except declared public holidaysOffice Administration 07:00 hrs to 15:30 hrs Monday to Friday except declared public holidays Gate Operations 08:00 hrs to 16:00 hrs Friday except declared public holidays Overtime rates as per Tariff will apply for all activities carried out on declared public holidays. Containers can be received at or released from the gate outside the working hrs shown above at no additional charge (except on public holidays), but prior notice should be given to the Port to ensure the Gate is staffed appropriately. A-3 Entry Passes Permanent entry passes are issued at the discretion of the Sr.Manager. Application forms are available at the main reception of the Container Terminal Administration Building. Permanent entry passes are valid for one year. Monthly & Daily entry passes are issued subject to proof of legitimate business in the terminal. Vehicle entry permits are selectively issued on providing vehicle registration and registration papers. A-4 General Cus toms Formalities The shipping line bears full responsibility for all Customs clearance formalities concerning their cargo. Section B – Landside Operations B-1 Terminal AccessARJ Container Terminal controls access of truckers to the terminal. A trucker is only allowed on the terminal after full identification of the trucker and registration of the terminal visit. Containers are only allowed onto the terminal on instruction of the shipping line that has to provide an acceptance notification to ARJ Gate Department before the container arrives at the gate. Information required will be as follows: †¢ Container ID and Booking No. †¢ Equipment Size/Type †¢ Outbound Vessel / Voyage and POD †¢ IMO / Reefer / OOG When delivering the container the trucker has to provide Container No. nd Booking No. to gate staff. All full containers will be gated in subject to clearance of Customs formalities by the shipping line. B-2 Exit Validation ARJ performs exit validation. Con tainers are only allowed to leave the terminal upon release instructions received from the shipping line, provided the customs department does not restrict the container from leaving the terminal. The shipping line must provide ARJ Gate Department with a hard copy of the release instruction. Information required will be as follows: †¢ Container ID †¢ Receiving Party Identification or Reference Number Date Restrictions if any Full containers will be allowed to depart the terminal only subject to completion of all customs formalities by the shipping line and full payment of port charges. B-3 Checking Activity at Gate For any containers entering or leaving the gate, the Port will perform a visual check and any deviations from provided data or anomalies are documented and reported to the shipping line. The check includes the following: †¢ Container ID †¢ Equipment size/type †¢ Visual damage (external) †¢ Visual damage (internal – empty containers onl y) †¢ Presence of SealIf any damage to a container is noticed at the gate, then a reference to this will be made on the gate ticket issued. Any further checking required e. g. Seal number, or further action like placing of seal or placard is chargeable as per Tariff. B-5 Customs Inspection In case ROP orders customs inspection of a container, shipping line should advise the port who will move the container to the customs inspection area and unstuff the cargo as per ROP requirement and subsequently restuff the cargo in the container, such operation to be charged as per Tariff.Section C – Vessel Operation Information on vessels calling ARJ to discharge or load containers is to be provided to ARJ planning department by the shipping line or its designated representatives. The Line shall nominate a focal point that can be reached 24 hrs a day by ARJ Planning and Operations Departments in case any issues concerning Vessel Planning / Operation need to be verified. C-1 Vessel Ar rival Notice The owner, ship’s agents or the master of the ship shall send the arrival notice to the Harbour Master 48 hrs before arrival to the Port.He should also inform the Harbour Master with the details of the Ship, its cargo, any hazardous cargo, cases of illness and any defects which affects the vessel manoeuvrability. C-1. 1 Documents Required †¢ Insurance cover for third party liabilities, wreck removal and oil pollution †¢ Ship’s registration certificate †¢ Port clearance certificate from last port of call †¢ ISPS Certificate †¢ Class Certificate C-1. 2 Establishing Communication The master of the ship shall establish communication with The Port Authority and request permission to enter the port limits, at least four hrs prior to the estimated time of arrival.The Port Authority will arrange the services of Pilotage, Tugs and Mooring Gang(s), and coordinate with ARJ Terminal Operations to have the gantry cranes and labour gangs ready. Normally cargo operations start upon lowering of the gangway from the vessel. C-1. 3 Pilotage Pilotage services are available round the clock. Activation time for marine services is 30 minutes. C- 2 Berth and Labour Planning Pro-forma vessel schedules and move counts declared by the l shipping lines form the basis for berth and stevedore / labour planning in the Quay Wall Schedule.Daily berth planning will also include: †¢ Initial vessel call information †¢ Detailed vessel call information for initial and pro-forma calls †¢ Availability of quay-wall space †¢ Vessel connections Based on this information ARJ Planning Department will prepare the day plan C-2. 1 Pro-forma Vessel Schedules Vessel string pro-forma berth windows are negotiated between the shipping line and ARJ. Berth windows are related to an estimated number of container lifts and the required day and time of the week for the vessel operation.Unless otherwise agreed, vessels will be planned for arrival and departure at pro-forma berth window. Vessels arriving within pro-forma always have priority over vessels out of pro-forma or incidental vessel calls. If it concerns vessels of the same shipping line only, this shipping line may set its own priorities, provided that it does not impact the berth windows of other Shipping lines. C-2. 2 Advance Schedules The shipping line will provide to ARJ Planning Department future projected schedules every week, from current date to 30 days in advance.Information required will be as follows: †¢ Vessel Name †¢ Inbound / Outbound Voyage †¢ ETA / ETD †¢ Service C-2. 3 Initial Vessel Call Information The shipping line is responsible for providing initial vessel call information at least 7 work-days prior to the estimated vessel arrival date to ARJ Planning Department. Information required will be as follows: †¢ Vessel Name †¢ Call Sign †¢ Inbound / Outbound Voyage †¢ ETA / ETD †¢ LOA †¢ Previous Por t of Call †¢ Next Port of Call †¢ Estimated Move Count †¢ Vessel Service †¢ Vessel Operator C-2. 4 Detailed Vessel Call InformationDetailed information is to be provided to ARJ Planning Department for line haul vessels at least 48 hrs and for all other vessels at least 24 hrs prior arrival at the terminal. Information required will be as follows: †¢ Vessel Name †¢ ETA †¢ Required ETD †¢ Expected Move Count, split as: – Total number of discharge / load moves – OOG discharge / load moves – Live reefer discharge / load moves – Empty container discharge / load moves – IMO class 1 & 7 discharge / load moves – Detailed information of any Break Bulk Cargo Upon receipt of this information, ARJ will undertake the final berth and labour planning.In case of required changes in the requested ETA / ETD, ARG Planning Department will contact the shipping line to create the best workable solution. The Port has a minim um billing per vessel call for loading/discharging of containers as per Tariff. Vessels are expected to use the Port's shore gantry cranes. Any movement or use of the vessel's gear while alongside is strictly subject to prior approval from the Port. C-2. 5 Communication on the ARJ Day Plan The Line will submit daily ETA update for their vessels latest at 10:00 hrs every day. ARJ will in turn revert with a Day Plan latest at 15:00 hrs.In order to provide flexibility to our customers, the Day Plan is always considered subject to change. Any agreements that are verbal in nature or those made after office hrs need to be confirmed in writing immediately on opening of the next working day. C-2. 7 Vessel Connections Connections other than those agreed to in the pro-forma schedule, have to form part of the Day Plan negotiations and these have to be announced to ARJ Planning Department preferably 48 hrs, but at least 24 hrs before ETA to ensure proper priority setting for the quay-wall. C-2. 8 Technical Information on the VesselFor vessels calling ARJ Container Terminal for the first time or in case of changes to the previously supplied vessel information the shipping line needs to supply ARJ Planning Department with technical information on the vessel at least 72 hrs before arrival. Technical information on the vessel consists of: †¢ Vessel Name †¢ Call Sign †¢ LOA †¢ Container Layout †¢ Lashing Plan †¢ Type of Twist Locks †¢ Type of Hatch Covers †¢ Mooring Restrictions (port / starboard side) †¢ Vessel Capacity in TEU †¢ Vessel Profile / NSD file (if available) †¢ Other peculiarities relevant to the Vessel StowageFurther details subject to planning or operational needs have to be provided upon request. C-2. 9 Notice of Readiness The Port Authority will issue the vessel with a ‘Notice of Readiness' at least 2 hrs prior to the estimated completion of cargo operations, and provided vessel confirms readiness to sail upon cargo completion The Port Authority will arrange to book Pilot, Tugs and unmooring gang(s). Section D – Load and Discharge Operation D-1 General D-1. 1 Gantry Crane Capacity Port provides shore-side gantry cranes with minimum capacity of 40 tons under the spreader and there are cranes with up to 65 tons capacity.D-1. 2 Lashing The Port Tariff for loading and discharging of containers includes the cost of lashing and unlashing of containers on board the vessel. Lashing equipment is to be provided by the shipping line. The Port will maintain safe housekeeping of lashing material at all times and handle all lashing gear in a controlled manner and in accordance with accepted safety standards. The Port will also handle discharging and loading of lashing material if required at no additional charge. D-1. 3 Hatch Cover Moves and Restows Hatch Cover moves and restows are chargeable as per tariff. D-1. 4 Use of Special EquipmentUse of special equipment for loading/unloading eg slings, frames etc is chargeable as per tariff on per lift basis. D-1. 5 Bay Planning and Stability Calculations The Port will carry out Bay Planning and unloading / sequence of containers in accordance with the information provided by the shipping line as part of its normal service. Container stow plans prepared by the Port are subject to the final confirmation by the Master of the vessel. The Port is responsible for providing information to the shipping line required for stability and lashing calculations, but the Port is not responsible for making these calculations.D-1. 6 Definition of Loading/Discharging of Containers Loading / discharging of containers is the handling by the Port of the containers between the stowage position onboard the vessel and the position in the container yard of the Port. No additional shiftings made based on any change in the information or additional information provided by the shipping line are included, and such additional shiftings made are cha rgeable as per tariff. Import / export containers pay truck loading / unloading charge as per tariff. D-1. 7 ReportingThe Port makes reports as per shipping line's required format and frequency to the operator of the vessel for all containers loaded/discharged and in case of vessels loading containers belonging to more than one shipping line, to each shipping line for their containers. D-1. 8 Storage Containers are stored in the Container Yard of the Port subject to the applicable Freetime and Container Storage rates as per Tariff. D-1. 9 Data Amendment Data Amendment charges as per Tariff apply in case the discharge and / or load lists are not provided in time to the Port, or in case there is any change to the information provided.Any Data Amendment that involves containers being shifted from one stack to another will incur shifting charges in addition as per Tariff. D-2 Discharge Operation D-2. 1 Vessel Profile Information The shipping line is responsible for communicating the dis charge, re-stow and remain-on-board instructions at least 24 hrs prior to the arrival of the vessel to ARJ Planning Department. For vessels with less than 24 hrs steaming time from the previous port, these details are to be provided as soon as information becomes available. The Bay-plan of the arriving vessel is to be sent via EDI message.D-2. 2 Discharge List Information The discharge list is to be provided to ARG Planning Department 24 hrs prior arrival for mother vessels and 18 hrs prior arrival for feeder vessels. Exceptions will be made on a case to case basis for vessels with lesser time as compared to these deadlines in which case load instructions have to be made available as soon as possible. D-2. 3 Checking Activity During Discharge (Tally) During the discharge process, ARJ will perform a visual check and any deviations from provided data or anomalies are documented and reported to the Line.This check also covers any restows. The check includes the following: †¢ Conta iner ID †¢ Equipment Size / Type †¢ Visual Damage †¢ Presence of seal (On request) Any further checking required eg Seal number, CSC plate validity etc or further action like placing of seal or placard is chargeable as per Tariff. D-2. 5 Short-landed Container When a container is reported short-landed, ARJ Planning Department will contact the Line. Information will be provided as follows: †¢ Container ID †¢ Vessel / Voyage †¢ Stowage position stated for the container †¢ Reasons for Short-LandingContainer Terminal Operational Guidelines Issued 1 D-2. 6 Over-Landed Container When a container(s) is reported as over-landed, ARJ Planning Department will contact the vessel operator. Information will be provided as follows: †¢ Container ID †¢ Seal Number †¢ Status (full / empty) †¢ Equipment Type / Size †¢ Stowage Position the container was found in †¢ IMO / Reefer information as far as possible †¢ Reasons for Over-landi ng The shipping line will investigate ownership / operator of the container and decide whether the container must be re-stowed or remain discharged.The shipping line will supply full container details to ARJ Planning Department and advise further action before vessel departure. D-3. 3 Re-Nomination of Cargo In the event of rollover of cargo for whatever reason, the Line is expected, within 12 hrs of vessel departure, to communicate to ARJ Planning Department, the name of the new vessel which will load the cargo. Every such ‘renomination' incurs a charge as per Tariff. D-3. 4 Pro-Forma Cargo Deadline In principle, all containers must be in the yard upon arrival of the vessel in order to maintain vessel schedule integrity and ensure efficient stevedore operations.The following will be taken into account: †¢ Vessel schedule reliability / integrity should not be affected †¢ Berth / Crane productivity should not be unduly impacted †¢ Line, Port and Customs requiremen ts The shipping line is responsible for ensuring that all cargo is available for loading prior vessel arrival. Same applies to cargo on hold or any other cargo released by the shipping line but not ready for loading due to any particular reason. D-3. 5 Checking Activity during Load (Tally) During the load process, ARJ will perform a visual check and any discrepancies or anomalies are documented and reported to the shipping line.This check includes restows. The check includes the following: †¢ Stowage Position †¢ Visual Damage †¢ Presence of Seal Any further checking required eg Seal number, CSC plate validity etc or further action like placing of seal or placard is chargeable as per Tariff. D-3. 6 Reporting ARJ Planning Department will update the shipping line with the ETC before and after start of vessel operation and advice the vessel and The Port Authority 2 hrs notice prior to vessel departure. Once vessel planning is completed ARJ will forward a BAPLIE to the ves sel.An updated BAPLIE will be delivered minimum 1/2 hour before completion of cargo operations. ARJ is able to provide the shipping line with EDI Load Confirmation Messages (COARRI) at frequencies agreed to with the shipping line. In addition to the EDI information a recap of the final load and a confirmed load list (CLL) will be sent to the Shipping line via E-mail earliest after vessel departure. In case of EDI failure ARJ will provide the shipping line with a Bay Plan of the load condition upon request.Any urgent or critical matters relating to discrepancies in reporting are to be addressed with the ARJ Planning Department D-3. 7 Short-Shipped Container When a container is reported as short-shipped, ARJ Planning Department will contact the shipping line. Information will be provided as follows: †¢ Container ID †¢ Vessel / Voyage †¢ Port of Discharge †¢ Stowage position stated for the container †¢ Reasons for Short-Shipping D-3. 8 Over-Shipped Container Wh en a container is reported as over-shipped, ARJ Planning Department will contact the shipping line.Information will be provided as follows: †¢ Container ID †¢ Vessel / Voyage †¢ Container Operator for the over-shipped container †¢ Status (full / empty) †¢ Category (export / transhipment) †¢ Stowage Position (if available) †¢ IMO Details †¢ Reefer Details †¢ Reasons for Over-Shipping D-4 Yard Inventory ARJ Planning Department will provide the shipping line with weekly Yard Inventory Reports for all laden and empty containers. In addition ARJ will also provide on a weekly basis a list of laden containers in the yard, which do not have a nominated on carrying vessel or POD.The shipping line will verify the missing details and revert with an update within 24 hrs of having received the input from ARJ. Any re-nomination or COD is chargeable as per Tariff. D-5 Vessel Bunkering, Repair, and Supply of Provision Vessel bunkering, repair and provisi oning activities have to be communicated to ARJ Planning Department at least 48 hrs before arrival of the vessel. These activities are only allowed after approval of ARJ and are subject to safety and security procedures issued by the Port.These activities should not delay the vessel stevedoring operation and must be completed within the operational working time of the vessel unless otherwise agreed. Only in exceptional cases may the stevedoring operations be stopped or the vessel port time extended because of these activities. Section E – Break Bulk and Over Dimensional Cargo E-1 Requirements The Shipping line is expected to provide information at least 48 hrs in advance of the vessel arrival to the ARJ Planning and Operations Department on any break-bulk activity on vessels that is planned at ARJThe following Information has to be provided: †¢ Arrival / Ongoing transportation via water / via land †¢ Handling by Container Gantry Crane / External Crane †¢ Piece count †¢ Measurements †¢ Cargo Description †¢ Weight †¢ Position on Vessel †¢ Complete description including sketches, diagrams, photographs etc in jpeg / bmp format †¢ Customs Approval Confirmation For over dimensional unitised cargo, the shipping line is expected to provide a complete Out of Gauge manifest as part of the documentation submitted for a vessel call.Undeclared, wrongly declared, poorly stowed or incorrectly packaged break-bulk or over dimensional cargo is subject to a fine as per Tariff. Port has the option of measuring and/or weighing the cargo to check the measurements and/or weight. The Port will provide warehouse for storing this cargo if required at no additional charge subject to availability. Any other equipment required for yard handling will be chargeable as per Tariff. Loading or Discharging and Quay Handling will be charged as per the applicable charges of the Tariff.Free time will apply as per the tariff for over dimensional c ontainers, and storage charges will apply as per the tariff for over dimensional containers based on the length. E-2 Restrictions Waterside handling restrictions are always subject to specific approval from ARG Planning and Operations Departments but approximately are as under: Dimensions Height Length Width Weight 10 m 18 m 6 m 65 MT Shipping lines are expected to taken to take approval from the terminal prior acceptance of bookings involving break-bulk and over dimensional cargoes.Section F – Direct Deliveries For exceptional cases there exists a possibility for accepting or delivering containers under the hook for direct loading / discharging. For safety reasons this activity will have to comply with ARJ Rules and Regulations. The Port should be advised at least 24 hrs before the arrival of the vessel at the Pilot Station of any planned direct delivery containers. The following information should be provided: †¢ Container ID †¢ Time of delivery †¢ Contents o f the container †¢ Hazardous Details (IMO Class, UN No. and Manifests as required Port of Salalah will inform the Line about the expected time of loading or discharge of the container. The requested direct delivery has to be confirmed to ARJ three (3) hrs before arrival of the vessel. Section G – Dangerous Cargo The shipping line bears the full responsibility for compliance to all rules and regulations governing the handling and transportation of Dangerous Cargo. Packing, labeling, declaration, stowage and documentation have to comply with the IMDG Rules and Regulations for Sea Containers as well as local laws and any directions given by local and Port Authorities.The Dangerous Cargo Manifest has to be provided to ARJ Planning Department at least 24 hrs before vessel arrival. The Line is responsible for content and sufficiency of the manifest. ARG will stow dangerous cargo container on the vessel as per instructions from the Line. Dangerous cargo containers pay additiona l charges for loading and discharging as per Tariff. Handling dangerous goods containers belonging to IMO classes 1 and 7 require special attention and permissions from the terminal and other competent authorities.Dangerous cargoes requiring special handling will be entitled to reduced free-time as compared to normal containers and will be subject to separate storage rates as per Tariff. Section H – Leakage / Spillage of Cargo Leakage of cargo contents from a container can be reported either by the shipping line on receiving information from the vessel or by ARJ staff while they are handling it in the terminal. On being made aware of a leakage, the shipping line will immediately advise its nominated surveyor to carry out a survey of the leaking container in conjunction with ARJ Health, Safety, Security ; Environment Department.On receiving the surveyor’s report, the shipping line will be responsible for taking necessary steps to arrange for re-packing of cargo through third party contractors or alternatively for cross-stuffing of cargoes, as per the advice received from the surveyor. Onward movement of such cargo from ARJ will be strictly subject to clearance from ARJ, that the leakage has been stopped and container is cargo and sea worthy for onward transport. Spillage of cargo will be solely on account of the shipping line as will a penalty charge applied as per tariff till corrective action is taken to stop the leakage.Section I – Container Freight Station Activities ARJ has capabilities for container cargo rework, cross stuffing and CFS activities. Arrangements can be made via the CFS Co-ordinator. Section J – Weighbridge Port has a weighbridge and shipping line can issue instructions for any container to be weighed at charges as per tariff. Section K – Miscellaneous Services Port can offer various services such as sweeping containers, fitting or removing tarpaulins, knocking down ends of flatbeds, bundling flatbed contai ners, applying or removing placards, fixing seals etc, all of which are chargeable as per tariff.Section L – Damage and Claims The Damage ; Claims Section of ARJ is responsible for dealing with damages caused to the shipping line’s equipment, its vessels or to port facilities, equipment or its personnel. L-3 Damage Caused by Third Parties If damage is caused to containers or vessels by parties other than ARJ, then ARJ will undertake repairs only at the specific request of the shipping line at its risk and account. L-4 Damage to Port Facilities/Equipment/PersonnelThe shipping line will be fully responsible for all costs and consequence arising due to any damage caused by it, to port facilities, equipment or personnel. Section M – Longstanding Cargo Consignments remaining in the port in excess of the following periods will be subject to auction. Any cargo, for which the respective Port and Customs charges have not been paid will be considered frustrated and may be auctioned and sold by ARJ after the following time periods: †¢ One Month – Refrigerated Containerized Cargo and other cargo considered perishable Three Months – All other Containerized Cargo Section N – Reefer Containers Live reefers will be plugged and unplugged as a standard activity in the stevedoring operations subject to availability of connections, at the temperature setting advised by the Line. Reefer monitoring and maintenance is carried out by the Container Service section of the Maintenance Services Department, and is chargeable as per tariff (charge includes electric supply). Monitoring of reefer containers is carried out at least every 8 hrs and any faults will be immediately reported to the Line.Export reefers can be pre-cooled if required and electric supply/monitoring charges commence from the time of plug-in. The Port can arrange PTI (Pre-Trip Inspection) of reefer containers and also can retrieve temperature data from the reefer data logge r, both activities chargeable as per Tariff. Section O – Port Safety and Security O-1 Rules ; Regulations ‘The Port of Salalah Rules ; Regulations’ is issued by the Port Authorities and applies to all users of the Port. The complete document is available on the Port of Salalah Website. Container Terminal Operational Guidelines Issued 1 stMarch 2007 30 O-2 International Ship and Port Security (ISPS) The Port of Salalah is certified as fully compliant with all requirements laid down under the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS). All vessel operators are expected to fulfil requirements pertaining to their role as specified in the ISPS Code. O-2. 1 ISPS Measures by Port of Salalah Port of Salalah has designated a Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO) and a Deputy PFSO (DPFSO) as point of contact for all issues pertaining to ISPS rules and regulations for the Port of Salalah. O-2. 2 ISPS Requirements for the Line Shipping Agents must submit ISPS vessel certification, ETA of the vessel, Crew list, estimated port stay and last 10 ports of calls to the Port Control 48 hrs prior to vessel arrival. This information is to be sent to [email  protected] com †¢ The Ships Security Officer must submit a completed Declaration of Security (DOS) of the vessel through the shipping agent to the Port Security Officer for endorsement upon berthing. †¢ Enquiries on the Port Security Level are to be directed to HSSE department. †¢ All users of port facilities must display facility passes at all times while at the facility.To apply for pass, please contact the HSSE department †¢ Port users must stop at all facility access control for Security check. Any violation will result in rejection of facility access †¢ For further information / clarification please feel free to contact the Port Facility Security Officer. Tel. 968 23219500 ext 466 / 409 / 406 O-3 X-Ray Inspection of Containers Port of Salalah has modern X-Ray sc reening facilities, and in case any container is required to be screened, the Line should advise the Port who will make the necessary arrangements, which is chargeable as per Tariff.