Business Plan on The Fitness Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Plan on The Fitness Club - Essay Example The paper tells that the Fitness Club will provide workout and various fitness routines. It will also help develop individual diet plans for its members. Health clubs and gyms business is booming all over the world and UK is no exception. People are getting interested in losing weight and eating healthy. Staying in shape and looking ‘good’ is the new trend and people are willing to invest money in their health plans and the Fitness Club is here to help them. What sets this club apart from other health clubs is the variety it offers at a very low cost. It can be afforded by people from all walks of life. They not only get the place to get in shape but coaches customize their diet plans and encourage them to keep up with the schedule. The coaches and nutritionists at this club are highly qualified and experienced in their respective fields. They have helped so many people achieve their dream body figure. Other than the fitness trend, the fact that a huge market area is til l untapped justifies this business plan. People are also joining health clubs to stay away from obesity and its related diseases. According to a survey, 17% of boys and 16% of the girls in UK between ages 12-15, have some form of obesity (BBC, 2012). That is why it is a great opportunity to cash in this factor and get people motivated to achieve a healthy life style and this club exactly does that. Competitors in the health and fitness industry mostly ignore low income people and a perception has started to develop that health and fitness clubs are only for rich people. ... This perception is completely wrong and needs to be taken off the market. Even though the fitness market is extremely competitive but there is a lot of room for growth. Health awareness and fashion clothing are the main contributors towards motivating people to join health clubs. State of the art equipment will be available for all members of The Fitness Club. Financial Highlights Start-up Costs Expected Growth in Revenue Expected Growth in Profit Company Description 1.1 Company Overview The Fitness Club will start its central office in Bicester Oxon, UK this June 2012. Later on, more branches will be opened throughout UK starting from Edinburg. The company is also looking forward to opening health centres in areas of UK that haven’t been tapped by fitness industry. The Fitness club is planning to provide great quality fitness services at extremely competitive costs. The objective is to appeal to the affordability of the customers so that people from all walks of life could jo in in. 1.2 Mission & Vision Vision: To create sentience among people about healthy lifestyle. Mission: To provide custom made exercises and meal plans for the mass market. 1.3 Strengths and Competencies State of the art fitness equipment available to use at the lowest price Highly qualified and experienced trainers and nutritionists Dedicated staff that actually inspires and motivates people 1.4 Challenges Despite of having the advantage of highly qualified coaches and nutritionists, there are few competitors that can cause neck to neck competition. The Fitness Club will have to plan its strategy of promotion and marketing by keeping an eye on ‘The Fitness Company’, which operates exactly in the same area where the central office will be built

Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian Art Compared Essay Example for Free

Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian Art Compared Essay Egyptian art comes from the paintings the Egyptians created in the tombs of rich people when they died. These pictures were supposed to help the dead person out when he or she reached the next world, where the Egyptians thought you lived after you died in this world. At first, carvers had a hard time painting the pictures but in about 2160 B.C. they started taking short cuts and made their work sloppier. Greek art was much different from the Egyptians art. One of their styles of art was sculpting. In Crete, between about 1700 and 1450 BC, the Minoans produced a lot of medium-sized figurines, mainly made of metal and ivory. The Greeks learned how to make big stone statues from the Egyptians. At this time many Greek men were working in Egypt as soldiers, and so they had a chance to see Egyptian statues and learn how they were made. One Egyptian technique is to have a triangle for the face and two upside-down triangles for the hair. This makes the hair help support the neck, which otherwise might be too thin to hold up the head. Another Egyptian idea is to have one foot a little in front of the other, which also helps the statue to stand up and not fall over. One difference is that the Greeks always made their statues nude (without clothes), while the Egyptian statues always wore clothes. This is because the Greeks thought that mens bodies were sacred and that the gods liked to see them. In the Severe style, sculptors began to make statues more true to life, and with more feeling in their faces and their movements. Instead of all being standing straight up and looking sacred and peaceful, now statues began to do things: drive a chariot, carry something, throw a spear, or ride a horse. And sometimes they looked sad, or frightened, or nasty, depending on who they were supposed to be. At the same time, sculptors took more interest in making the muscles and bones look true to life too. The Severe style didnt last very long, and after about thirty years it was replaced by the Classical style. Greek sculptors began to experiment with honoring the gods by showing the beauty and grace of the human body, especially the bodies of young, athletic men (womens bodies were still not shown without their clothes). The sculptors also became more interested in the three-dimensionality of sculpture: people being able to  see it from all different sides, and not just from the front. At the end of the 400s BC, Greece, and especially Athens, was devastated by a terrible war which involved nearly all the Greek city-states, the Peloponnesian War. The end of the war left Greeks too poor for much sculpture, but when people did begin creating new sculpture again it was in a new style. There is more emotion, especially sad feelings like grief. There is more interest in women, who are sometimes shown without clothes now. Portraits of individuals also became more popular. As you can see, Greek art was different from Egyptian art in many ways and Greeks had many forms of art work unlike the Egyptians.

Studies on the Production of Fruits in India

Studies on the Production of Fruits in India Studies on the production of fruits in India with special reference to Jammu and Kashmir Abstract Fruits provide desirable health benefits besides nutrition due to presence of various essential vitamins and minerals. Many important antioxidants are present in fruits that help the body to constantly clean up the toxic wastes. They boost the immunity and provide resistance against various ailments and certain chronic diseases. They have cracking potential to increase the economic impact of the state, country at local, national and international level. India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world with production of 81.29 million metric tonnes from an area of 6.98 million hectares for the year 2012-13. Jammu and Kashmir, the northern most state of India have different environmental and topographical conditions than rest of the country, produces many horticultural products. It is the largest producer of apples in India, 77% of apple production in India belongs to Jammu and Kashmir. After harvest considerable losses occur due to ignorance, method of storage, postharvest handling and absence of postharvest processing. Awareness about nutritional, environment and economic valves, improved cultivation, use of appropriate postharvest handling strategies are important to minimize the losses. Keywords: antioxidant, area, production, postharvest, horticulture Introduction Nutritional importance of fruits Fruits contain a number of essential minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers and play essential role in human nutrition especially as a source of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), folacin (vitamin B9), tocopherol (vitamin E), riboflavin (vitamin A), calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, potassium (Wargovich, 2000). There contribution is estimated at 91% of vitamin C, 48% of thiamine, 30% of folacin, 27% of pyridoxine, 17% of vitamin B1, 15% of vitamin B3, 19% of Iron, 16% of magnesium, 9% of calories (Quebedeaux and Elis, 1990; Kader, 2001). Fruits and vegetables in human diet are strongly associated with the reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’ disease, cataracts, strokes and other chronic diseases (Prior and Cao, 2000; Southon, 2000; Liu, 2003). Some components of fruits and vegetables are strong antioxidants and function in metabolic activation and detoxification of various carcinogens (Kader, 2001). Economic importance of fruits India comprises several agro-ecological regions with diverse soil and climate types, which provide an ample opportunity to grow variety of crops. A considerable degree of crop diversification has been experienced since the green revolution. The change in cropping pattern is towards the horticultural and commercial crops (Mittal, 2007). Horticultural crops form significant part of total agricultural production of the country and are key drivers of economic development. In India 65-70% of the population earns their livelihood through agriculture (Economic survey, 2007-08). Fruits contribute around 31% of horticultural production (Vedamurthy and Pandey, 2010). The increase in domestic and international demand for fruits in increasing day by day thereby increasing the economic importance of fruits. Contribution of horticultural crops towards agricultural GDP was about 29.5% for the year 2007-08 (Economic survey, 2007-08). Fruit Production in India India is the world’s second largest producer of fruits after Brazil that contributes 11.80% of the total world’s fruit production with a production of 68.46 million tonnes from an area of 6.10 million hectares annually (Kumar and Singh, 2010). In India the major fruit producing states are Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, Punjab, Orissa and Utter Pradesh Factors leading to decrease in fruit production The major losses of fruits are estimated at 35-40% due to improper post harvest management that is about 40,000 crores per year. It so causes the wastage of energy, labour and inputs involved in horticultural production (Nayak and Mukhopadhyay, 2008). So there is a strong need for the post harvest management of these perishable fruits. Post harvest management strategies are applied to the horticultural produce after harvest to increase their shelf life during storage, processing, packaging and marketing to meet the nutritional requirements of the people. Majors that can be taken to overcome the losses Table 1: World fruit production in metric tonnes Fruit 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Afghanistan 794,600 816,730 645,870 706,224 847,900 Albania 118,400 151,400 167,782 141,489 370,192 Algeria 1,995,071 1,201,968 978,664 1,428,102 3,535,544 American Samoa 3,850 1,642 1,463 1,982 1,440 Angola 430,000 427,000 405,000 447,000 608,100 Antigua and Barbuda 6,749 8,540 8,511 9,518 8,570 Argentina 5,217,423 6,353,140 5,881,204 7,174,114 7,445,843 Armenia .. .. .. 244,352 351,405 Australia 2,114,328 2,168,155 2,384,181 3,084,329 3,312,766 Austria 1,096,963 1,082,399 964,144 1,091,955 734,800 Azerbaijan .. .. .. 553,959 891,021 Bahamas 9,175 12,409 11,077 26,312 37,000 Bahrain 17,580 42,000 10,150 21,465 22,090 Bangladesh 1,407,439 1,304,358 1,332,490 1,361,000 3,954,957 Barbados 2,490 2,610 2,850 2,560 4,090 Belarus .. .. .. 299,100 790,071 Belgium .. .. .. 786,210 571,630 Belize 35,405 83,428 141,662 381,421 376,790 Benin 121,300 142,300 180,662 163,023 398,700 Bermuda 565 500 300 336 370 Bhutan 23,350 29,450 64,535 64,710 60,900 Bolivia 469,540 555,635 783,195 999,658 944,470 Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. 80,273 321,265 Botswana 6,318 9,150 11,545 10,600 5,920 Brazil 11,465,728 19,473,797 29,823,592 36,986,742 39,286,781 British Virgin Islands 309 550 180 440 520 Brunei Darussalam 3,445 4,810 5,024 6,133 7,535 Bulgaria 2,300,776 1,897,597 1,649,569 739,549 396,332 Burkina Faso 41,600 55,200 69,831 90,954 96,450 Burundi 1,247,000 1,168,000 1,633,000 1,598,146 238,464 Cambodia 270,050 122,340 239,050 321,700 355,900 Cameroon 983,457 1,713,340 1,756,896 1,994,151 3,878,820 Canada 628,394 795,589 772,777 823,210 668,968 Cape Verde 13,824 12,600 14,615 16,778 20,800 Cayman Islands 516 583 314 558 325 Central African Republic 129,820 168,800 201,900 259,399 274,550 Chad 83,000 92,000 106,423 98,068 117,500 Chile 1,061,240 1,633,588 2,638,980 3,890,170 5,673,600 China 4,973,710 8,416,030 20,952,155 64,503,111 122,184,944 Colombia 2,761,100 3,897,150 4,676,996 6,851,039 7,989,940 Comoros 28,000 35,600 51,132 62,615 47,800 Congo 68,700 113,070 135,844 222,622 263,800 Congo, DR 2,134,500 2,627,600 3,450,844 2,426,781 2,540,724 Cook Islands 15,850 12,525 4,782 3,677 1,526 Costa Rica 1,299,210 1,337,764 2,410,266 3,810,786 4,620,366 Croatia .. .. .. 540,881 458,235 Cuba 306,012 853,467 1,535,526 2,251,114 1,794,869 Cyprus 432,319 344,802 393,246 282,984 185,661 Czech Republic .. .. .. 562,195 181,221 CÃ ´te dIvoire 1,001,352 1,464,548 1,569,720 2,347,117 2,187,000 Denmark 163,961 146,608 102,268 54,840 68,500 Djibouti 0 0 1,956 3,457 3,185 Dominica 63,100 35,760 96,771 69,805 53,830 Dominican Republic 1,169,659 1,340,100 1,599,980 1,032,324 2,196,055 Ecuador 3,781,542 3,966,510 4,524,825 7,670,506 9,292,075 Egypt 1,450,330 2,284,135 4,617,539 6,966,124 9,581,146 El Salvador 194,450 251,282 291,084 302,098 439,319 Equatorial Guinea 13,500 10,500 40,600 51,039 69,200 Eritrea .. .. .. 3,800 4,400 Estonia .. .. .. 26,538 5,071 Ethiopia .. .. .. 703,202 683,500 Fiji 8,612 10,685 12,846 18,006 18,628 Finland 62,700 104,000 21,092 18,661 16,793 France 17,040,995 14,601,267 11,942,965 11,265,355 8,691,815 French Guiana 4,540 2,021 6,763 15,707 17,610 French Polynesia 2,544 3,171 7,741 9,728 15,483 Gabon 123,300 190,900 240,001 294,226 324,710 Gambia 3,000 3,500 3,517 5,607 8,600 Georgia .. .. .. 471,917 260,000 Germany 5,367,781 4,750,807 4,854,934 5,290,538 2,200,529 Ghana 1,034,097 978,300 923,900 2,391,420 4,363,630 Greece 3,003,094 3,519,917 3,922,607 4,151,486 3,230,090 Grenada 34,255 27,518 25,811 16,631 14,600 Guadeloupe 132,280 88,577 116,416 142,661 87,390 Guam 747 1,089 1,873 2,380 3,220 Guatemala 659,100 753,791 1,150,517 1,973,393 3,951,700 Guinea 545,000 673,100 855,803 997,310 1,218,700 Guinea-Bissau 36,700 46,750 61,403 79,888 87,050 Guyana 42,167 32,710 50,249 73,963 33,615 Haiti 799,800 1,003,600 1,016,171 1,005,481 976,660 Honduras 1,499,923 1,646,227 1,388,235 783,281 1,357,185 Hungary 2,030,432 2,531,215 2,306,901 1,726,674 1,124,272 Iceland 13 10 11 17 30 India 15,786,680 20,357,397 27,717,104 43,000,880 84,791,100 Indonesia 3,576,000 4,268,214 5,973,043 8,412,930 14,867,762 Iran 1,784,725 3,144,125 7,163,554 12,287,684 12,126,041 Iraq 542,880 1,155,020 1,523,030 1,739,200 1,094,014 Ireland 32,500 23,200 23,000 26,334 48,170 Israel 1,548,475 1,926,160 2,002,746 1,263,269 1,278,486 Italy 19,349,138 21,429,443 17,112,381 17,989,619 16,907,895 Jamaica 396,869 332,255 360,046 425,044 363,608 Japan 5,552,900 6,227,900 4,905,691 3,820,890 2,898,550 Jordan 61,370 86,155 255,408 238,727 279,918 Kazakhstan .. .. .. 263,490 222,110 Kenya 534,110 1,126,610 1,303,636 2,148,118 2,933,336 Kiribati 3,370 4,530 5,000 5,649 9,400 Korea, North 218,000 848,000 1,305,000 1,333,157 1,559,200 Korea, South 429,259 933,406 1,917,459 2,625,572 2,733,554 Kuwait 470 1,113 1,933 11,250 18,353 Kyrgyzstan .. .. .. 188,139 197,601 Laos 75,650 90,300 128,500 192,967 238,200 Latvia .. .. .. 53,992 14,608 Lebanon 561,776 721,100 1,185,000 845,600 976,290 Lesotho 14,000 15,000 17,709 14,500 14,700 Liberia 98,020 120,200 106,779 170,662 208,700 Libya 82,132 179,145 311,644 314,710 386,050 Liechtenstein 120 70 130 156 180 Lithuania .. .. .. 112,500 47,719 Luxembourg .. .. .. 33,632 26,652 Macedonia .. .. .. 407,811 452,643 Madagascar 623,775 733,033 796,700 890,600 941,460 Malawi 260,000 374,950 481,428 755,498 1,032,600 Malaysia 865,300 938,073 1,108,638 1,210,733 1,144,862 Maldives 6,050 7,900 6,350 9,560 10,051 Mali 98,100 124,800 155,060 251,993 814,100 Malta 11,871 10,563 13,729 6,457 10,085 Martinique 184,928 116,929 284,295 355,478 208,860 Mauritania 17,300 15,200 12,087 24,900 23,000 Mauritius 8,948 3,583 8,370 13,076 21,285 Mexico 4,478,970 7,617,469 9,371,183 13,306,460 15,255,598 Micronesia, FM .. .. .. 3,088 3,830 Moldova .. .. .. 953,163 792,435 Mongolia 2,250 3,200 400 255 578 Montenegro .. .. .. .. 74,338 Montserrat 1,129 800 629 880 830 Morocco 1,466,620 1,670,800 2,008,842 2,680,770 3,292,411 Mozambique 304,470 322,500 381,400 290,768 368,810 Myanmar 707,502 806,590 950,342 1,416,000 2,135,100 Namibia 6,500 8,000 9,839 16,413 42,225 Nauru 140 200 255 336 340 Nepal 112,000 135,000 413,310 844,633 1,276,791 Netherlands 678,466 618,730 561,700 710,936 671,390 New Caledonia 9,000 11,634 2,576 3,723 3,733 New Zealand 241,574 356,774

Feeding and Fishing: the Issue Facing the U.S. and the Global Community

Feeding and Fishing: the Issue Facing the U.S. and the Global Community â€Å"Give a man a fish, feed him for a day; teach a man to fish, feed him for life.† When translated into agricultural terms, this Chinese proverb confronts the question facing the United States and the global community today. The United States has been providing food for the rest of the world for years. While this illustration of care is commendable, it also has a downside. In the future, and debatably in the present, it is not possible for the United States to continue providing for other countries. An increasing world population, a lack of methods for effectively sharing crop surpluses, and a decrease in the amount of food produced by agriculture has created a situation where it is impossible for the United States to feed the world; instead we must teach the world how to feed, or fish, for themselves. Egypt is a prime example of the U.S. feeding the world. Between 1979 and 1991, the U.S. provided Egypt with over three billion dollars in wheat and corn. According to W. Fornos, â€Å"every third loaf of bread baked in Egypt is made from wheat and corn ground in the United States† (Fornos). The U.S. is currently giving the world fish, but we cannot continue to do so. The first issue limiting the ability of the world to feed itself is the increasing world population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as cited by Agroecology Professor Dave Wilson, the world population was one billion in 1804. The world population doubled itself in 154 years and has since continued to double exponentially. In 1987, the world population was 5 billion, and in 13 years, the population doubled once again. Accompanying 1999 was a world population ... ...tion Development.† Irrigation and Drainage. Vol. 52. 2003. 31-38. McMullum, et al. â€Å"Application of Modern Biotechnology to Food and Agriculture; Food Systems Perspective.† Journal of Nutrition, Education, and Behavior. Vol. 35. 6. Nov/Dec. 2003. 319, 326-328. Academic Search Premier. â€Å"Population Growth and Food Needs.† Population Reports. 25. 4. 3. 1997. 24, Feb. 2005. Academic Search Premier. Pretty, Jules. â€Å"Agroecology in Developing Countries.† Environment. Vol. 45. Nov. 2003. Academic Search Premier. Serageldin, Ismali. â€Å"World Poverty and Hunger-the Challenge for Science.† Science. Vol. 296. 5565. 54. 17, Feb. 2005. Academic Search Elite. Wilson, Dave. â€Å"Homework Topic 6; Genetically Engineered Crops.† Class lecture. 25, Feb. 2005. Wilson, Dave. â€Å"Population Growth.† Class lecture. 7, Feb. 2005.

Dehydration Essay

Passing out, lethargy, constipation, dry mouth and even dry eyes are very few symptoms In the long list of signs to tell us that we are dehydrated. Being dehydrated Is potentially very bad and If not taken care of a person can end up In the hospital or even dying. Many things can cause dehydration Including drinking too much alcohol or simply not drinking enough water. Without ample amounts of water our bodies cannot function correctly, and being made up of 70% water it is understandable as to why this is the case.All people suffer from dehydration, it does to affect one age group more than another, and likewise it does not affect one race or gender more than the others do. Plainly, put, If enough water Is not drank everyday than a person Is at risk for becoming dehydrated and developing symptoms that can be quite uncomfortable. First, some of the functions of water in the body are to keep everything moist, from our eyes to our mouths, and even our Joints. Imagine trying to eat food without the assistance of the saliva our bodies produce, it would be very difficult to have to swallow dry, chewed up food.Urine becomes dark yellow, with a strong ammonia meal and constipation Is common; the lack of water causes the stool to become more solid and less liquid-y because the body Is pulling water from every available resource. The recommended amount of water that the average person should drink is eight – z cups of water per day. That is a half-gallon of water every day that people are supposed to be drinking, more often than not soda and coffee is being drank instead, which sure they have water in them†¦ Just not the recommended amount that we need.Next, dehydration affects people of all ages, from little children to grown adults, to even the elderly. In children, dehydration causes tiredness and grumpiness, even the sensation of being hungry, or the craving for something unknown. In adults, dehydration can mean different and more serious side effects suc h as passing out or getting dizzy when standing up. In the elderly, dehydration, in my opinion is the worst time to see it. I think that older people need more water in their bodies because they dispel more In the given day.They may not have bladder control, especially If they are hooked up to a urinary bag, and not necessarily know when they have lost all of their water. Nursing homes help the elderly with this a lot of the time cause the people cannot do it on their own. For everyone else however, it is important to make sure we drink the vital amount of water to remain healthy. On another note, when a person is dehydrated they lose important vitamins and nutrients known as electrolytes.When children have a fever or diarrhea, pediatric is a good drink to give them because It Is packed full of electrolytes, It Is k for adults to are sodium, potassium, and chloride. These electrolytes help maintain blood pressure. Body movements require electrical currents to run through the body an d these charged ions make this possible. Sodium and potassium are positive ions that both function to provide nerve transmission, muscle contractions, and fluid balance. Chloride is a negative ion and its main function is to provide fluid balance.Not having enough sodium in your body can cause muscle cramps, but table salt is a quick fix of this deficiency. Not enough potassium can cause fatigue, and once again can be fixed quickly and simply with eating bananas. Finally, a chloride deficiency can cause a potassium or sodium deficiency. When being active and playing sports or Just being outdoors, drinking sports drinks like Storage can help maintain proper electrolyte balances. Yet again, many things cause people to lose water from their bodies at different speeds.Sweating causes us to lose water at significant speeds because our skin seeps water to cool us down on a hot day. If it is scorching hot outside and a person just stops sweating, this is a sign of dehydration and they shou ld seek out a water source fast. Similarly, alcohol makes us lose water quicker on many levels because it heats people up from the inside causing them to sweat and it depletes electrolytes from our system. Drinking water in between alcoholic beverages can help a person avoid a hangover because they are staying hydrated while drinking.Caffeine on the other hand, speeds up our heart rate, causing us to urinate more that in the end is causing us to lose more water than we would without the caffeine. These things can lead to dehydration of the person ingesting them does not know what the symptoms are and how to counteract them. Finally, making sure that a person does not become dehydrated is important, even more so for people less than healthy. A person with a hole in their heart is more susceptible to symptoms of dehydration than a healthy person, and the same with elderly. Everyone is responsible for the amounts of water they drink each day.We need to instill in children at a young ag e that staying dehydrated is important. It is also important to work it into the daily routine, and make it habit to drink 64 ounces of water per day, and keeping an eye on electrolytes as well. Eating lots of fruits or vegetables or water-based foods can help a person increase their water intake without necessarily drinking as many glasses of water. Overall, there is more than enough water on this planet, and foods that contain water for everyone to be able to survive. If someone becomes dehydrated in my opinion, it is because of his or her own personal neglect.Should this be the case that person needs to understand the importance of staying hydrated and how this simple task can solve many ailments. Staying hydrated can make a person feel Just a little bit better in many aspects, maybe their Joints are moving Just a little bit better, or they do not have to use eye drops 10 times a day. If you do not stay hydrated regularly already, you should try it Just to see what kinds of thing s it could do for you. Perhaps a little more energy for those long days would be nice. References: Retrieved from: (2010) Guidelines for a Healthy Diet: Prentice Hall

The Respiratory System essays

The Respiratory System essays The human respiratory system is a complex system involving the coordination of organs with different structural, functional and defensive mechanisms. The high costs and the high fatality rates associated with chronic respiratory disorders require some serious rethinking in our approach to managing the problem. It transpires that the maxim prevention is better than cure is very apt in the management of respiratory disorders. Smoking is identified as the single most important cause for most of the serious respiratory problems including COPD and lung cancer, and hence abstaining from smoking eliminates the risk for the onset of several serious respiratory disorders. The human respiratory system is a well-developed and complex system involving many different organs such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea and the lungs. Though the actual physiological function of breathing begins only at birth, the development of the respiratory tract, the diaphragm and the lungs occur much earlier in the embryonic stage. Structural and functional changes continue from infancy to adulthood and into old age, as the respiratory system matures with age. There are various diseases of the respiratory system such as asthma, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, lung cancer, etc. While Asthma is a genetic disease, Tuberculosis, lung cancer, etc, are acquired pulmonary diseases. Life style and environmental factors are important in contributing to and increasing the susceptibility to respiratory disorders. The following discussion includes a brief overview of the structural development of the human respiratory system followed by an o verview of COPD and Tuberculosis, two of the prevalent diseases of the respiratory system, and their impact on occupational performance. The development of the Respiratory System The development of the respiratory system starts after the fourth week of gestation. The respirat...

Hey You!

Hey You! Hey You! Hey You! By Maeve Maddox Puleen Patel wonders about the appropriateness of hey as a greeting: I see most people online and offline address each other more and more by saying Hey David and so on. Is this correct? Is this a new thing? I always remembered addressing (and being addressed) as Hi David or Hi Puleen. When I was in school, many years ago, my English teachers objected to both hi and hey as rude utterances. However, both have been in the language for a very long time. Most dictionaries define hey as â€Å"an exclamation to attract attention.† Ditto for hi. Hey is often used as a nonsense word in song lyrics, as in the chorus of Simon and Garfunkel’s Mrs. Robinson. There’s a Jennifer Love Hewitt song called Hey Everybody. Earlier still, Shakespeare used hey in the refrain of a song in Much Ado About Nothing: . . . be you blithe and bonny; Converting all your sounds of woe Into. Hey nonny, nonny. Hey and hi can’t claim to have an etymology like a â€Å"real† word. Both seem to derive from the sound of a grunt, like Roman eho, Greek eia, and German hei. The OED notes that used as â€Å"a word of greeting,† hi is chiefly North American. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the first recorded use (1862) of hi as a greeting was to the speech of a Kansas Indian. This use of hi by an Indian brings to mind the â€Å"how!† so often heard in old cowboy movies. Again, the OEtyD: how: Native American greeting, Siouxan (cf. Dakota hao, Omaha hau); first recorded 1817 in Eng, but noted early 17c. by Fr. missionary Jean de Brebeuf among Hurons as an expression of approval (1636). As to which to use as an informal greeting, it’s a personal choice. I read a comment by someone who prefers hey to hi because â€Å"it sounds more casual.† To some speakers, however, hi sounds friendly, but hey sounds rude. I wonder what my English teachers would have said to the notion that anything could be more casual than hi. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Types of Ignorance

Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism Development Tourism Essays

Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism Development Tourism Essays Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism Development Tourism Essay Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism Development Tourism Essay This chapter seeks to turn to a figure of issues related to community engagement and engagement in the touristry industry by analyzing some cardinal points emerging from assorted surveies, studies and other beginnings of information. It starts with a treatment about the perceptual experiences and attitudes of host community towards touristry development. Some critics about Doxey Irridex Model and Butler Tourism Area life rhythm will besides be discussed. The chapter besides identifies factors which influence local communities and pull their engagement in the touristry industry. It continues with a treatment about the touristry impacts that arise due touristry development in a little community.anhow the latter is linked to poverty relief. The chapter concludes by foregrounding cardinal issues raised by the literature that form the footing of this research. Host Community Attitudes and Perceptions about Tourism Development This survey aims at placing the relationships between occupants socio- cultural, economic and environmental facet and their attitudes towards touristry by concentrating on a little community where touristry is in the development phase. By carry oning this research, the writer hopes to come across the occupants attitudes and capture their current perceptual experiences about touristry development in their country. Furthermore, this research is being done because most writers agree that initial community attitudes toward touristry are critical to community engagement in the industry ( Murphy 1981 ) , the formation of finish image ( Echtner A ; Ritchie 1991 ) . Attitudes are defined as a province of head of the single toward a value ( Allport 1966, p. 24 ) and as an abiding sensitivity towards a peculiar facet of one s environment ( McDougall A ; Munro 1987, p. 87 ) . Attitude of host community to tourism based development can better if there is a encouragement in the touchable and indefinable colonies the host community can have by being in based development ( Choi A ; Sirakaya, 2006 ) . As Attitudes are based under this apprehension, this is why some research workers came to a decision that occupants attitudes toward touristry are non merely the contemplations of occupants perceptual experiences of touristry impacts, but the consequences of interaction between occupants perceptual experiences and the factors impacting their attitudes ( Lankford et al.1994 ) . Some predating researchs have proved that some most of import impacts of touristry are identified along with its variables, nevertheless the theory is developing: Presently there is limited apprehension of why occupants respond to the impacts of touristry as they do, and under what conditions occupants react to those impacts ( Ap 1992, p. 666 ) . Husband ( 1989 ) besides addressed this issue by stating There is, so far, no theoretical justification of why some people are, or are non, favourably disposed to touristry ( p. 239 ) . Assorted issues can carry perceptual experiences of the host community about positive results of touristry development. Support will depend on the grade of benefits perceived. The engagement of community will be discussed subsequently on in the literature reappraisal. The credence of local values can besides be an of import factor that leads to the accomplishment of a touristry based development ( Alexander, 2000 ) . However over a certain period of clip many findings detected that host community perceptual experiences in the way from touristry may hold more positive attitudes. Peoples who depend on touristry industry or holding a better economic benefit may perchance hold a higher grade of positiveness than other dwellers who do non profit from a touristry development ( lankford and Howard, 1994 ; Jurowski, Uysal, and willimas, 1997 ; Sirakaya, Teye and Sonmez,2002 ) . Lindberg and Johnson ( 1997 ) mentioned that people holding higher economic impacts from touristry may hold more positive attitudes. However Travis ( 1984 ) has stated that its non merely an economic features such as the chance for occupations creative activity or capital coevals that needs to be considered by the host community. The socio-cultural and environmental facets are besides really of import. For Choi and Sirakaya ( 2005 ) , the most community should besides hold a better environment in term of substructures and improved comfortss such as leisure and recreational activities. They describe touristry as dwelling of assorted supports and any development in the touristry field should guarantee the protection of the civilization of host community, alongside the protection of the environment. In order to clear up the relationship between the impacts of touristry and occupants attitudes toward touristry, several theoretical accounts have been developed. One of the most influential theoretical accounts is Doxey s Irridex theoretical account ( 1975 ) which suggests that occupants attitudes toward touristry may go through through a series of phases from euphory, through apathy and annoyance. to hostility, as sensed costs exceed the expected benefits. This theoretical account is supported by Long et al. s ( 1990 ) research consequences, which indicate occupants attitudes, are ab initio favourable but become negative after making a threshold. To hold a better comprehension about the relationship between the impacts of touristry and occupants attitudes toward touristry, several theoretical accounts like Butler Tourism Life rhythm Area and Doxey Irridex theoretical account have been developed. One of the most dominant theoretical accounts is Doxey s Irridex theoretical account ( 1975 ) which suggests that occupants attitudes toward touristry may go through through a series of phases from euphory, through apathy and annoyance. to hostility, as sensed costs exceed the expected benefits. This theoretical account was supported by Long et al. s ( 1990 ) research consequences, which indicated that occupants attitudes are ab initio favourable but become negative after making a threshold. The Irridex theoretical account indicates that occupants attitudes toward touristry will alter overtime. It suggests that occupants attitudes and reactions toward touristry contain a sense of homogeneousness ( Mason et al. 2000 ) . Co nversely, this construct was challenged by some research findings that reported heterogenous community responses and diverse occupants attitudes at the same time bing in a community ( Brougham et al. 1981, Rothman 1978 ) . Critics about Doxey Irridex Model and Butler Tourism Area Life rhythm Butler ( 1980 ) took a more complicated attack. He argued that tourer countries go through a recognizable rhythm of development ; he used an S-shaped curve to exemplify their different phases of popularity. Butler stated that there are six phases through which tourist countries pass. These include the geographic expedition phase, involvement phase, development phase, consolidation phase, stagnancy phase, and diminution phase. His survey besides reveals that development is brought approximately by a assortment of factors, including alterations in penchants and demands of visitants, the gradual impairment and possible replacing of physical works and installations, and the alteration of the original natural and cultural attractive forces, which is responsible for the initial popularity of the country. Furthermore this theoretical account is supported by Murphy s ( 1983 ) research consequences, which reveal the distinguishable attitude differences among occupants, public functionaries, a nd concern proprietors in three English tourer centres. Although Butler s theoretical account addresses the trouble of occupants attitudes toward touristry, research workers still lacked theories explicating relationships between occupants attitudes and touristry impacts until Ap ( 1992 ) applied societal exchange theory to touristry. Harmonizing to the theory, exchange will get down, merely when there are irregular inactivity signifiers. Ap ( 1992 ) suggests that occupants evaluate touristry in footings of societal exchange, that is, measure it in footings of expected benefits or costs obtained in return for the services they supply He besides argued that when exchange of resources is high for the host histrion in either the balanced or imbalanced exchange relation, touristry impacts are viewed positively, while touristry impacts are viewed negatively if exchange of resources is low. Social exchange theory has been examined as a theoretical model by research workers to depict occupants attitudes toward touristry impacts ( Perdue et al. 1990, McGehee A ; Andereck 2004 ) . However Mason and Cheyen ( 2000 ) stated that that the representation of Butler assumes a grade of homogeneousness of community reaction . Butler ( 2006 ) supported his theoretical account by proposing that a consistent development of tourist country can be conceptualized . Different stages at a peculiar finish may non be understood without errors. The presentation hence should be concerned merely to some extent as the stage itself differs from one tourer country to another. ( Tosun,2002 ) . The Doxey irridex theoretical account gives a clear position of how host community attitude alterations over a period of clip. It mentions host community perceptual experiences, reactions and attitudes in the way of touristry ( Manson et al.2000 ) . This can be a at odds rule because some research came to a decision that assorted host community attitudes and perceptual experiences may be in the community, ( Brougham et al.1981, Rothman 1978 ) . Akis, Peristanis A ; Warner ( 1996 ) disapprove the Irridex Model and The Tourism Life Cycle and position it as excessively simple, because both theoretical accounts give a few intimation of altering host community perceptual experiences and attitudes over clip. Other research workers like Lankford and Howard ( 1994, P.135 ) opposed against the theoretical account of Doxey ( 1975 ) because positive and negative factors that affect the perceptual experiences and attitudes of host community are non given much consideration. As the touristry industry keeps on altering, this may be a ground why we must give this industry uninterrupted support for its related development. Andereck A ; vogt ( 2000 ) stated that it is considered that optimistic attitudes towards touristry may imply the encouragement for farther touristry development. If there is any hold in touristry undertaking development this can be due to frustration towards tourers. Mill and Morisson ( 1984 ) even reference that, an credence of touristry can non be built unless the benefits of touristry are made relevant to the community . Attitudes and perceptual experiences of host community at a finish is of extreme importance in the achievement of touristry development alongside the development of the industry at big besides, ( Hayword,1975 ) , ( Heenan, 1978 ) , and Hiller ( 1976 ) . There is a wide belief perceptual experience and attitudes of host community in the way of touristry results are disposed to go indispensable planning and policy concern for booming development and enlargement of bing and possible touristry plans, ( Ap,1992 ) . Host community attitudes and perceptual experience is really of import as it will act upon their behaviour towards touristry, ( Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003 ) . Host community engagement and engagement Community engagement has become a common component in many development enterprises, such as community-based programmes, which assume participatory methods and has been promoted by development organisations, notably the World Bank, to turn to the inefficiency of extremely centralized development attacks peculiarly in the underdeveloped universe ( Baral and Heinen, 2007 ) . Today, many development enterprises solicit the engagement of all concerned stakeholders, at the relevant degree, non merely for the interest of efficiency and equity of the programmes, purchase of givers and demands of local communities, but besides for O for sustainability of these enterprises ( Ribot, 2004 ) . Consequently, the existent result for beging such community engagement is to make and bring forth an enabling environment needed by these stakeholders, particularly local communities who have been vulnerable to negative impacts of touristry attributed partially to the fact that many touristry resources occur in their countries, to hold a existent interest in development activities ( Havel, 1996 ; Songorwa, 1999 ) . This requires affecting local communities in decision-making and beef uping their ability to move for themselves. One attack to accomplish this is through investings in human capital, such as instruction and wellness, investings in societal capital such as local- level establishments and participatory procedures, and support for community based development attempts planned and implemented from underside up ( Havel, 1996, p.145 ) . However, given the fact that the cardinal point underlying people s engagement may be the grade of power distribution, these attempts are less likely to win unless antiphonal establishments and the legal and policy model that facilitate and back up local engagement are in topographic point ( Havel, 1996 ; Tosun, 2004 ; Wang and Wall, 2005 ) . Engagement is a procedure through which stakeholders, among them the local communities who are frequently the intended donees of community touristry, influence and portion control over development enterprises and the determinations and resources which affect them ( Havel, 1996 ) . Engagement, hence, seeks coaction or partnerships and the committedness necessary to guarantee sustainability of touristry development enterprises ( Wolfensohn, 1996 ) . Paradoxically, the results of engagement are normally a contemplation of a certain degree of engagement of relevant stakeholders in the decision-making procedure which in bend enables people to do informed committednesss to a peculiar touristry undertaking ( Havel, 1996 ) . Harmonizing to Akama ( 1999 ) as cited in Manyara and Jones ( 2007, p.629 ) , local communities are barely involved in touristry development and they are normally without a voice in the development procedure ( Havel, 1996 ) . This state of affairs harmonizing to Mbaiwa ( 2005 ) is contrary to the rules of sustainable touristry development which, among other things, stress the engagement and engagement of local communities. In their discourse on community-based touristry, many writers have argued that local community engagement in touristry activities non merely leads to acquiring local community support for the industry but besides acts as a important constituent to accomplishing sustainable development of the industry ( Kibicho, 2003: Kale, 2006 ) . It is likely of import to take a firm stand from here that a cardinal consideration in touristry development is sustainability, which can non be achieved without community support ( Vincent and Thompson, 2002 ) . While sustainability is the nucleus aim of community engagement ( Vincent and Thompson, 2002 ; Johannesen and Skonhoft, 2005 ) , advocates of community touristry further argue that community engagement seeks to better the public assistance of the local community and, possibly most significantly, win their support in preservation of touristry resources ( Songorwa, 1999 ) . This means community engagement is inevitable and imperative for touristry development because most tourist attractive forces lie within local communities or in their localities and in most instances co-exist side by side with the communities, for case, in wildlife countries. Community engagement via decision-making is an indispensable determiner to guarantee that the benefits that local communities get from touristry are guaranteed, and their life styles and values are respected. It is, nevertheless, of import to observe that community engagement in determination devising is non merely desirable but besides necessary so as to maximise the socio-economic benefits of touristry for the community. It is possibly one of the most of import elements of touristry direction to enable communities who frequently serve as tourer finishs and for that affair suffer from the negative impacts of touristry, to acquire involved and finally take part in planning determinations sing touristry development. This is of import in order to make better handling of the negative impacts of touristry development ( Li, 2004 ; Tosun, 2000 ) . It is every bit of import to observe, hence, that integrating of local communities into the decision-making procedure is non a concluding end i tself but merely one of the many ways through which community engagement can be achieved ( Li, 2005, p.133 ) . Another manner to affect and pull community engagement and finally their support in touristry development is through local occupation creative activity ( Zhao and Ritchie, 2007 ) . Since touristry offers better labor-intensive and little graduated table chances ( Chok and Macbeth, 2007 ; Scheyvens, 2007 ) and since it happens in the community, arguably, it is thought to be one of the best located possible beginnings of employment chances for local communities, inclusive of adult females and the informal sector ( Blank, 1989 ; Li, 2005 ; Johannesen and Skonhoft, 2005 ; Scheyvens, 2007 ) . Community engagement via employment chances, as workers or as little concern operators, can be a accelerator to the development of touristry merchandises and services, humanistic disciplines, trades and cultural values, particularly through taking advantage of abundant natural and cultural assets available in communities in developing states ( Scheyvens, 2007 ) . Tosun ( 2000 ) stated that community engagement through working in the touristry industry has been recognized to assist local communities non merely to back up development of the industry but besides to have more than economic benefits. However, it is of import to understand that in some instances community engagement is seen as a manner of acquiring people to transport out activities or portion their costs while the benefits are non clear to those expected to take part ( Havel, 1996 ) . This implies that a cardinal factor to the success of any community-based touristry undertaking is the inducement to profit sharing which is normally attractive plenty to do people extremely motivated to take part. As Havel ( 1996 ) asserted people will non take part unless they believe it is their involvement to make so Surveies have documented that community touristry, nevertheless, depends extremely on active engagement and engagement of the local community non merely in effectual distribution of touristry benefits but besides in touristry job designation, planning, execution, monitoring and rating ( Simmons, 1994 ; Songorwa, 1999 ; Zhao and Ritchie, 2007 ) . In their survey about sharing the benefits of touristry in Hainan, China, Wang and Wall ( 2005 ) observed that community engagement is non merely a tool for equilibrating power when doing determinations in touristry related issues but besides the tool through which the benefits of touristry can reasonably be spread to communities. In fact, the construct of engagement and engagement of local communities in the touristry decision-making procedure chiefly aims to authorise and supply room for local communities to find their ain development ends, set their support precedences and confer with them with a position to understand and take into consideration their desires and concerns for touristry ( Timothy, 1999 ) . Engagement and engagement of the community in decision-making is advocated so that communities can hold some control over touristry resources, enterprises and determinations that affect their support ( Wang, and Wall, 2005 ) . On the other manus, the thought of engagement and engagement of local communities in the touristry benefits is easy reflected in increasing incomes, employment, and instruction of local communities about touristry and entrepreneurship ( Timothy, 1999 ) . One manner to carry through this is to increase public consciousness of touristry through instruction runs and develop local communities for employment in the industry. While increased public consciousness creates a more hospitable environment for tourers and improves the image of the finish, supplying entrepreneurial preparation empowers local communities and finally increases their capacity to have important benefits from touristry ( Timothy, 1999 ) . This enables tourism-oriented concerns and locals such as cab drivers, guesthouse directors, eating house proprietors, and street sellers, the chance to work successfully and expeditiously in the industry. Barriers to community engagement in touristry in developing states The overall result of such barriers is frequently the communities limited enthusiasm towards the industry thereby ensuing in small benefits that trickle down to the grass-roots, the local community ( Manyara and Jones, 2007 ) . Tosun ( 2000 ) identified a broad scope of obstructions to community engagement in the context of developing states. He categorised these obstructions into operational, cultural and structural restrictions. Those categorized as operational restrictions include the centralisation of public disposal of touristry development, deficiency of co-ordination between involved parties and deficiency of information made available to the local people of the tourer finish as attributed to, but non limited to, deficient informations and hapless airing of information. Under these conditions, low public engagement in the touristry development procedure is obvious as people are non intelligent. Those categorised as structural hindrances include institutional, power constructi on, legislative, and economic systems. They largely impact negatively on the outgrowth and execution of the participatory touristry development attack. And those identified as cultural restrictions include limited capacity of the hapless to efficaciously manage development. The fact that the bulk of people in developing states struggle to run into their basic and felt demands and that mere survival occupies all their clip and devour their energy, implies that acquiring closely involved in issues of community concern such as community engagement in the touristry development procedure which frequently demands clip and energy, may be a luxury that they can non afford. On the other side of the coin, apathy and a low degree of consciousness in the local community is by and large accepted. While a low degree of involvement in taking portion in affairs beyond their immediate household sphere ( apathy ) can be partially attributed to many old ages or centuries of exclusion from socio-cultural, economic and political personal businesss that impact their self-respect, a low degree of consciousness of such issues stops the hapless from demanding that their demands be accommodated by the establishments which serve them. Tourism Impacts The aim of this point is to see the impacts of tourers on finishs countries from an economic, societal and physical position. The nature and deductions of these effects will be discussed. The rapid growing of touristry has increased economic, environmental and societal effects. Until late the attending has concentrated on the economic impacts and non on the environmental and societal effects of touristry. The impact made by touristry depends upon the volume and features of the tourers such as length of stay, activity, manner of conveyance and travel agreement. A choice of variables must besides be taken into history in the finding of any impact of touristry every bit good as their interrelatednesss and the ways in which they influence the nature, way and magnitude of tourer impacts. Ecomomic impacts of Tourism Tourism can make occupations, provide foreign exchange, produce return on investing for emerging economic sciences, conveying engineering, and better life criterions. The most outstanding benefits used to advance touristry development are the economic benefits that communities can anticipate to deduce from an addition in touristry activity. The surveies demonstrate that occupants feel touristry helps the economic system ( Ritchie,1988 ) , that touristry increases the criterion of life of host occupants. Servicess of all sorts are established and offered to tourers, who in bend besides serve local occupants and touristry generates the force to better and farther develop community substructure and community service ( Var A ; Kim, 1990 ) . However, touristry contributes to resentment refering the employment of non-locals in managerial and professional places ( Var A ; Kim, 1990 ) . Tourism is related to foreign domination of tourer services and installations, additions in the cost of land and lodging, increases in monetary values of goods and services, additions in nutrient and land monetary values, and deficit of certain trade goods. Loss of labor With the rapid development of touristry, people involved in traditional occupations like agriculture, fishing and agribusiness may go forth these occupations to work in the touristry industry where there is more prospectus. So this can do a deficiency of labor in the primary sector. Enclave Tourism With the touristry industry there is a rise in the local concerns but their net income are sometimes reduced with the across-the-board bundle. As the tourers will acquire every thing that he needs in the resort, there is no demand for him to pass his money out of the resort. Consequently reduces the opportunity for local people to gain from touristry. Escape Some Government frequently gives revenue enhancement vacations to pull investors. But sometimes when these investors make net income they send it back to their place state alternatively of reinvesting it back into the economic system. So nil else is left for the host state as there may be low gross and net income after revenue enhancements and the high cost of imports to run into the demands and demand of tourers. Infrastructure cost Tourism development costs a batch of money to the authorities. Tourism developers may desire the authorities to better substructures that will be good to the touristry industry. Spending on substructure may diminish the ability of a authorities to put in other of import sectors like Health and Education. Addition In Monetary values Tourism makes the monetary values of trade goods, belongingss and land higher which accordingly cause rising prices. Local people are holding no option ; they have to pay higher monetary values for goods and services even though their income does non increase proportionately. It is a fact that touristry pushes up monetary values of adjustment and nutrient, and the consequence of the negative effects of touristry development is the traveling off of local people from the countries because they can non afford it longer. Then touristry can do poorness and the eventual supplanting of local people that are replaced by the in-migration of affluent aliens and retired persons. Positive impacts of touristry Foreign Exchange Net incomes Government generates much gross from both direct and indirect part of the touristry sector. Direct part is generated by direct duty on tourers such as going taves/aiport revenue enhancements, revenue enhancements on incomes from touristry employment and touristry concerns. Employment Coevals Tourism creates occupations straight through hotel, eating houses and taxis. Indirect occupations are created through the supply of goods and services needed by tourism-related concerns. Foreign Exchange Net incomes Tourists disbursement and the exportation of related goods and services generate gross in footings of foreign currency to the host economic system. This beginning of gross can be used to finance other economic sectors of a state and even increase the criterion of life of local people. Socio-cultural Impacts Even though touristry contributes to the Renaissance of traditional humanistic disciplines and trade ( Var A ; Kim, 1990 ) , touristry has often been criticized for the break of traditional societal and civilization constructions and behavioural forms. Destination countries that have embraced touristry for its economic benefits have witnessed heightened degrees of offense and harlotry, and supplanting due to lifting land costs and loss of the cultural heritage of local people, peculiarly young person. Tourism has been charged non merely with the adulteration of socio-cultural factors but besides with debasement of the environment. Negative socio-cultural impacts Tourism development can hold negative impacts at local, national and international degree if they are severely and managed. Some of the most of import negative impacts are as follows: Overcrowding Tourism additions traffic congestion and crowdedness in the public country, and brings societal jobs. During the extremum season there can be ill will between visitants and host communities, as the local people may be force to digest the incommodiousness of break to their day-to-day wonts. Presentation Consequence Demonstration consequence occurs when there is the commixture of people from loosely different civilizations in touristry. The local people try to copy the life style of those visitants. This can take to irreversible alteration in societal like there can be the doomed of native linguistic communications and traditional frock may besides be considered as outdated. Loss of traditional Industries Traditional industries such as fishing, farming and forestry might be lost. This may go on if workers find it more advantageous to work in the touristry industry. Childs are more and more to work in promising industry like touristry where they can be empowered and acquire money with less attempt needed every bit compared to the traditional 1s. Atomization of Communities Regions which have come popular due to the touristry industry may be subsequently go a 2nd place for rich communities. Exiles, who have the power to pay for high monetary values of land and lodging, may do a state of affairs where local people are compelled to travel from these topographic points as they can non afford the high monetary values of trade goods besides. Rise in societal jobs and offense Tourism besides contributes to societal ailments such as beggary, chancing, drug trafficking, and harlotry, every bit good as the uprooting of traditional society, and causes deterioratin of the traditional civilization and imposts of host states. Tourism contributes to an unwanted addition in the ingestion of intoxicant, increased traffic congestion, and overcrowding. Positive Socio-Cultural impacts of Tourism. One of the major grounds why tourers travel is for societal and cultural experiences. The exchange of civilization between the local people and the tourers or even sing cultural sites and run intoing new people can make positive impacts on travellers. The host community can take advantage of the socio-cultural impacts of touristry in the sense that visitants get direct contact with host community and to see the manner of life of these visitants. Tourism can assist to increase the criterion of life of the local people. For illustration touristry can assist in the development and creative activity of community installations and services that would non be present without touristry. The socio-cultural facet of touristry can besides profit from touristry. Tourists can lend towards keeping and prolonging cultural traditions and the preservation of heritage sites. Environmental Impacts of Tourism The impact of touristry on the environment implies that occupants may see touristry as holding either a positive or negative impact on their environment. Some people believe that touristry helps to make a greater consciousness and grasp for the demand to continue the environment to capture its natural beauty for tourer intents, and increase investings in the environmental su

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Renewable Energy Opportunities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Energy Opportunities - Research Paper Example The research will be conducted using both primary and secondary sources, whereby, primary research will entail field surveys that will be conducted in areas where solar and wind energy has been used. The main method for data collection during the study using this method is going to be interview and observation. The residents shall be interviewed on the motivation that has made them invest in renewable energy. Additionally, they will be required to give a list of challenges that they have faced in harvesting energy from renewable sources. Similarly, the researcher will observe to give a report on the possible factors that might have made the region a suitable place to set up energy harvesting plants.Secondly, in secondary resources, the researchers will be required to read from relevant materials that have been researched and recorded by others in the past. The researcher will be able to have enough material in supporting the research topic. The research is conducted to establish usef ul measures that can be implemented to increase energy production from secondary sources to reduce overreliance on non-renewable sources electricity. The research will create a platform where the researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources.... researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Project Background Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources. There are organizations that have received international recognition in renewable energy and they include: international Energy Agency among others. This organization supports the use of renewable energy to diversify energy sources (Langwith 112). Motivation Overreliance on non renewable sources is leading to depletion of the resource. Additionally, such sources of energy lead to pollution of environment since global gases are released to the air during combustion. Continued exploitation of fossil fuels to get energy will lead complete depletion of the resource. Use of renewable sources of energy will lead to flexibility in energy provision system a nd residents will not suffer following failure of energy supply (Bazia & Abdollah 26). Research objective The aim of this research is to establish whether there is a way in which harvesting of energy from renewable sources can be implemented for large scale harvesting of the energy. After carrying out the study, it will be established that it is possible to harvest energy from renewable sources in large scale as an alternative to non renewable energy. Literature review Across the world, the market for renewable energy is growing rapidly. Most people who are focusing in renewable energy are motivated by high prices for oil, climate change due to global warming and support from the governments. Government agencies in many countries are for the idea of investing funds and skills in improving

Risk Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Plan - Essay Example Integrated marketing communication is an important part of every marketing activity before the event which helps organizers to achieve high response rate and popularity. The second risk is that the first deadline is due one week before the golf tournament, so there will be no time left for changes and improvements (the leaflets, ads, etc. are printed, and all arrangements are made). The third negative factor is that the same three persons are involved 100% in the final preparation, so neither of them will be able to make possible changes and help with new promotion opportunity. If Betty is involved in both activities, she could not objectively define the threats and drawbacks of the new advertising campaign. When morale is low, and feelings of frustration or alienation are found to exist, it is important that positive action is taken to remedy the causes. The sixth risk is that the staff can resist strongly changes in adverting campaign. They would be frustrated because the company d oes not appreciate their efforts and time spent on 'the old adverting plan". 1. The best solution for the first risk is to implement adverting campaign before the gold tournament according to the previous schedule. The new promotional opportunity an be added to the previous plan. It will not take much time and efforts of employees and ensure that the company will reach the main target audience. Senior management needs to develop a broad strategic vision, which calls for redesigned business processes (Campbell, 1997). 2. To meet the first deadline and avoid changes, it is important to consult the responsible persons during the preparation process. Also, it is possible to develop a rough plan if the primary plan would not work well. In order to leverage change, the manager can identify primary and secondary activities. Primary change activities are most directly related to the project. Primary change activities will include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service. The other group is support activities which will not have a direct impact on the project. It will help to avoid uncertainty and haste. 3. It would be possible to appoint the forth person in order to solve secondary problems of the plan. The project manager should identify a few core processes to be redesigned, focusing on those with the greatest potential payback. Symptoms of inefficient processes include excessive data redundancy and reentering information, too much time spent handling exceptions and special cases, or too much time spent on corrections and rework. The analysis should identify what organizational group owns the process, what organizational functions or departments are involved in the process, and what changes are required. The methods for identifying organizational information requirements described earlier in this chapter may be useful here. 4. Before the changes are made, the project manager should inform Betty about recent changes and ask her opinion about additional duties. Also, the company could pay her for additional hours, and

Crime Scenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime Scenes - Essay Example Crime scene processing is the real act of processing the scene of a crime in the field with the term processing referring to the complete task of examining, sketching, photographing and utilizing field procedures to identify, assess, document/record, process and collect physical, fingerprint and testimonial evidence. Crime scene investigation involves logic, science and law and it is necessary to put into consideration the fact that every crime scene, piece of evidence and the approach of investigation differ. However, in all crime scenes, there is a basic protocol or tasks to which the initial responding officer at a crime scene should adhere. Travis and his co-authors assert that one of the principal aspects of ensuring that the crime scene is secure is to preserve it with minimal disturbance and contamination of physical evidence. The primary response to an incident is normally systematic and expeditious. Following his arrival, the initial responding officer should carry out his f irst responsibility of evaluating the scene.

Renewable Energy Opportunities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Energy Opportunities - Research Paper Example The research will be conducted using both primary and secondary sources, whereby, primary research will entail field surveys that will be conducted in areas where solar and wind energy has been used. The main method for data collection during the study using this method is going to be interview and observation. The residents shall be interviewed on the motivation that has made them invest in renewable energy. Additionally, they will be required to give a list of challenges that they have faced in harvesting energy from renewable sources. Similarly, the researcher will observe to give a report on the possible factors that might have made the region a suitable place to set up energy harvesting plants.Secondly, in secondary resources, the researchers will be required to read from relevant materials that have been researched and recorded by others in the past. The researcher will be able to have enough material in supporting the research topic. The research is conducted to establish usef ul measures that can be implemented to increase energy production from secondary sources to reduce overreliance on non-renewable sources electricity. The research will create a platform where the researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources.... researcher will be able to get feedback from the public hence will be able to make informed recommendation about the steps to be taken to improve the situation. Project Background Globally, there have been organizations and institutions that are keen on ensuring the implementation of projects on harvesting energy from sustainable sources. There are organizations that have received international recognition in renewable energy and they include: international Energy Agency among others. This organization supports the use of renewable energy to diversify energy sources (Langwith 112). Motivation Overreliance on non renewable sources is leading to depletion of the resource. Additionally, such sources of energy lead to pollution of environment since global gases are released to the air during combustion. Continued exploitation of fossil fuels to get energy will lead complete depletion of the resource. Use of renewable sources of energy will lead to flexibility in energy provision system a nd residents will not suffer following failure of energy supply (Bazia & Abdollah 26). Research objective The aim of this research is to establish whether there is a way in which harvesting of energy from renewable sources can be implemented for large scale harvesting of the energy. After carrying out the study, it will be established that it is possible to harvest energy from renewable sources in large scale as an alternative to non renewable energy. Literature review Across the world, the market for renewable energy is growing rapidly. Most people who are focusing in renewable energy are motivated by high prices for oil, climate change due to global warming and support from the governments. Government agencies in many countries are for the idea of investing funds and skills in improving

Crime Scenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime Scenes - Essay Example Crime scene processing is the real act of processing the scene of a crime in the field with the term processing referring to the complete task of examining, sketching, photographing and utilizing field procedures to identify, assess, document/record, process and collect physical, fingerprint and testimonial evidence. Crime scene investigation involves logic, science and law and it is necessary to put into consideration the fact that every crime scene, piece of evidence and the approach of investigation differ. However, in all crime scenes, there is a basic protocol or tasks to which the initial responding officer at a crime scene should adhere. Travis and his co-authors assert that one of the principal aspects of ensuring that the crime scene is secure is to preserve it with minimal disturbance and contamination of physical evidence. The primary response to an incident is normally systematic and expeditious. Following his arrival, the initial responding officer should carry out his f irst responsibility of evaluating the scene.

Physical Therapist Report Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapist Report Essay The career I’m most interested in is Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy is Rehabilitation concerned with the restoration of function and prevention of physical disability following disease, injury or loss of body parts. (www. emonetwork. org/terms. asp) Physical Therapist have a very direct relationship with their patients and work with them over a period of time to help them become more mobile. There are numerous reasons why I want to become a physical therapist. Science, since I can remember, has always been my favorite and best subject in school. It’s what I find the most interesting and learn the easiest. Life Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics are all courses I have enjoyed taking. I’ve always known I was going to do something in the Healthcare Profession as a career but I never knew what until recently. I chose physical therapy because its not as much school as a doctor would go through, it’s great pay, you get to help patients live a better life, you get a lot of benefits including health insurance, and employment is expected to grow much faster then the average. Physical therapist earn an average salary of $70,000. They also get paid vacations. Helping people everyday and watching them progress is something I would enjoy doing in life. Physical therapist spend about seven years in school total depending on how long it takes you to complete your undergraduate degree. After completing your undergraduate degree you would have to go through an accredited Physical therapist graduate school, which takes about three years. I plan on going either to Sonoma State University or CSU East Bay to complete my undergraduate degree in kinesiology. After that I want to go to graduate school at the University of California San Francisco. Where: After I complete my Masters and become a licensed physical therapist I want to move to Southern California and work in a hospital down there. After a few years I want to open my own physical therapy business and be self-employed in my own private practice.

Transformational Leadership Model Analysis

Transformational Leadership Model Analysis Leadership is the process of influencing other people to behave in preferred ways to accomplish organizational objectives (David H. Holt and Karren W. Wigginton). In the 1970s, leadership theories approaching effectiveness was dominant, for example, path-goal theory (House Mitchell, 1974). Since the late 1980s, new style of leadership theory emerged, as charismatic leadership (Conger Kanungo, 1998; Hunt, Boal, Dodge, 1999), visionary leadership (Sashkin, 1988), and also transformational leadership (Avolio, Bass, Jung, 1999). However, much of the leadership research has concentrated on characteristics and specific effects of charismatic and transformational leadership (Bass 1985; Kanungo1990; Sashkin 1988; Tichy and Devanna 1990). Burns was the first person introducing the concept of transforming leadership in his book Leadership. The version of transformational leadership theory was formulated later by Bass (Bass, 1985, 1996). He defined transformational leadership in terms of the leaders effect on followers by analyzing the behavior used in the process. The employees can be motivated by taking difficult objectives, and achieve beyond initial expectation. This paper will have a thorough analysis on the Transformational Leadership theory. The first part will conduct a general description of the theory, followed by the review over the theory development in Part two. Part three and Part Four will be the conceptual and Empirical support for the transformational Leadership theory. Transformational Leadership Theory Traditional leadership theories emphasized rational processes; rather, theories of transformational and charismatic leadership emphasize more on emotions and values. James MacGregor Burns (1978) was the first author to contrast transforming and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership stresses achievement of higher collective purpose, of common mission and vision. Transformational leadership includes individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, charisma, and inspirational motivation. Transactional leadership includes contingent reward behavior and management by exceptions. Burns defined the concept of transforming leadership as, a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agentsoccurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality He proposed that the transforming leaders motivate the followers to make them be able to achieve significant goals in the work, which finally lead to values promotion in both parties. Under the theory of Burns, Bass developed more. He put Burns concept into one way process as transformational leadership where the leader transforms followers. It is different from the theory of Burns which indicate a two-way process that leaders and followers perform beyond expectations. Bass add the transformational style of leadership that Burns did not pay attention to. The leadership style incorporate social changes in the process of leaders performance which empirically more effective. According to Bass (Bass 1985, 1996; Avolio et al. 1995), transformational leaders motivate their followers by inspiring them, offering challenges, and encouraging individual development. Studies reviewed by Bass support that transformational and transactional leadership can be very distinctive. There is also evidence that transformational leadership is positively related to subordinate satisfaction, motivation, and performance (Lowe et al. 1996). According to the research centre for leadership studies of University of Exeter (Bolden, R. et. al,2003), Bass transformational leaders may: expand a followers portfolio of needs transform a followers self-interest increase the confidence of followers elevate followers expectations heighten the value of the leaders intended outcomes for the follower encourage behavioral change motivate others to higher levels of personal achievement Simply put forward, transformational leaders can 1) Increase subordinates awareness of well-performance of their tasks, 2) Increase subordinates awareness of needs for personal development, and goal-fulfillment. 3) Increase subordinates awareness of working in the spirit of making good for organization rather than focus on personal benefit. On the contribution theory base of Burns and Bass, Tichy and Devanna (1986) built further on transformational leadership in organizational contexts. They described the nature of transformational as a behavioral process capable of being learned. And the characteristics of transformational leaders are indentified as courageous, trustworthy, value-driven, visionary, continuous learning, and able to deal with complexity. To make the theory more operational, Bass and Avolio (1994) proposed five dimensions of transformational leadership, idealized behaviors, idealized motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration and idealized attitude. The detailed behaviors of the five dimensions are showed in Table. Transformational Leadership Style Leader Behaviors 2) Consider the moral consequences of decisions 3) risk-sharing 4) Trust subordinates 2) Enthusiastic about job 3) Confident that goals will be achieved 4) Take a stand on controversial issues 2) look at problems from different angles 3) Suggest new ways to complete assignments 4) Encourage innovative thinking 2) Consider individuals different needs and abilities 3) Help to develop strengths 4) Promote self development 2) Act in ways that get respect from others 3) Display a sense of competence 4) Confident that obstacles will be overcome Conceptual Pitfalls The version of transformational leadership theory that has generated the most interest was contributed by Bass and his colleagues (Bass, 1985, 1996). Bass model of transformational leadership has been accepted by scholars and practitioners that organizations can encourage employees to perform beyond expectations. Despite a set of theory base in transformational leadership, concerns have been raised about the way in which the dimensions of the model have been defined (Avolio Yammarino, 2002; Hunt Conger, 1999; Shamir et al., 1993). Yukl (1999) proposed that it was not clearly differentiated between transformational and charismatic leadership. The influence processes for transformational and transactional leadership are blurring, and have not been explored systematically. The identification of types of transformational leadership behaviors seems to be based mostly on a factor analysis; therefore the theoretical base for differentiating among the behaviors is not explained. While every type of transformational leadership behavior includes a lot of components, it makes the definition more ambiguous. Leadership is viewed as a key determinant of organizational effectiveness; however, the leader behaviors that ultimately influence organizational performance are seldom described in detail. The organizational processes have not received sufficient attention in mainstream theories of transformational leadership. Moreover, stated by Yukl (1999), the theory provides insufficient identification of negative effects. It does not clearly identify any situation where transformational leadership is detrimental. However, some other researchers have noted that. For example, transformational leadership theory, putting more emphasis on the role of leadership to motivate employees, is biased at the expense of most of employees (Stephens et al., 1995). Porter and Bigley (1997) proposed that if members of an organization are influenced by different leaders with competing visions, the result will be increased role ambiguity and role conflict (Yukl, 1995). By establishing strong influence in the subunit, the leaders can achieve organizational goals more effectively, at the same time, arise competition among different subunits under different leaders. In that case, tasks that need cooperation among different unit will suffer. This is particularly harmful when inter-unit cooperation is necessary to achieve org anizational objectives, and further result a decline in organizational effectiveness. Empirical support for the transformational leadership model The above issues concerning the weaknesses of Transformational leadership research meant that empirical research can provide evidence if necessary. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the most used measure of transformational leadership research developed by Bass. By using MLQ, the data can provide mixed support for the differentiation of the components of the transformational model, which is the most controversy issue that has not achieved the general agreement. From a wide range of settings, the positive effects of transformational leadership on several organizational outcomes have been proved. (Dumdum, Lowe, Avolio, 2002; Judge Piccolo, 2004; Lowe, Kroeck, Sivasubramaniam, 1996) while conflicting evidence has been reported concerning the factor structure of the model, and very strong relationships have been reported among the leadership factors (Avolio et al., 1999). Interestingly, by using the MLQ-1, report found the five-factor model of transformational leadership (including charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, contingent reward, and management-by-exception) was fit properly to the data, however, a two-factor model(active and passive leadership factor) was also fit properly to the data (Bycio et al. 1995). Avolio (1999) proposed several alternate conceptual models of the factor structure underlying the MLQ-5X. Carless (1998) examined the MLQ-5X, and found that a hierarchical model (charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation) representing facets of a second-order construct which called transformational leadership was fit well according to the data. Carless suggested that the MLQ-5X does not assess separate transformational leadership behaviors, but measures a single, hierarchical construct of transformational leadership (Alannah E. 2004). Researchers are using a number of tactics instead when examining transformational leadership. Some researchers used a reduced set of items to measure transformational leadership model (e.g., Tejeda et al., 2001). This strategy has been driven by empirical results but fail to be explained by strong theoretical rationale. Other authors, such as Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter (1990), have developed their own measures of transformational and transactional leadership. While these three approaches may all prove useful in some situations, we argue that it is important to adopt a theoretically driven approach when evaluating the subdimensions of transformational leadership. As a result, we re-examine the theoretical model developed by Bass (1985) to identify five subdimensions of transformational leadership that will demonstrate discriminant validity with each other and with outcomes.

J.P. Morgan Essay -- essays research papers

J.P. Morgan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people talk about J.P. Morgan, they often refer to one man. The J.P. Morgan dynasty was in fact a combined effort of three generations of Morgans. In 1838, American businessman George Peabody opened the London merchant banking firm that would establish the roots of the House of Morgan. In 1854, Junius S. Morgan became the partner of George Peabody and eventually took over the firm in 1864, renaming it J.S. Morgan & Co. At the age of twenty four, J. Pierpont Morgan inherited his father’s business, renamed the business to J.P. Morgan & Co., and made a point to consolidate the firm’s American and European interests. Under Pierpont’s authority, J.P. Morgan & Co. had a great impact on enterprises such as railroads, steel, mining, and other utilities that helped establish the United States as an industrial power. The personality of J. Peirpont Morgan is best described in a statement he made to the U.S. Congressional banking committee in 1912. à ¢â‚¬Å"The first thing is character†¦before money or anything else. Money cannot buy it†¦because a man I do not trust could not get money from me on all the bonds in Christendom.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It should also be noted that in 1868, the Paris banking firm Drexel, Harjes & Co. was formed. Pierpont became a partner in 1871 and the firm was later renamed Morgan, Harjes & Co.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Five years after his father’s death, ...